Amoniya cyangwa azane ni uruvange rwa azote na hydrogen hamwe na formula ya NH3

Intangiriro y'ibicuruzwa

Ammonia cyangwa azane ni imvange ya azote na hydrogen hamwe na formula ya NH3. Ammonia, hydride yoroshye cyane ya pnictogen, ni umwuka utagira ibara ufite impumuro nziza. Ni imyanda isanzwe ya azote, cyane cyane mu binyabuzima byo mu mazi, kandi igira uruhare runini mu byo ibinyabuzima byo ku isi bikenera mu mirire kuko ikora nk'intangiriro y'ibiribwa n'ifumbire mvaruganda. Ammonia, yaba mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye, ni inkingi y'ubwubatsi bw'ibicuruzwa byinshi bya farumasi kandi ikoreshwa mu bikoresho byinshi byo gusukura mu bucuruzi.
Nubwo ikunze kugaragara mu buryo busanzwe kandi ikoreshwa cyane, ammonia iratera ubukana kandi ikagira ingaruka mbi mu buryo bwayo bukabije.
Ammonia yo mu nganda igurishwa nk'inzoga ya ammonia (ubusanzwe 28% bya ammonia mu mazi) cyangwa nk'amazi ya ammonia adafite amazi akoreshwa mu mwuka cyangwa mu byuma bikonjeshwa itwarwa mu modoka cyangwa mu byuma binini.

Ibisobanuro

Porogaramu

Isuku:
Ammonia yo mu rugo ni umuti wa NH3 mu mazi (ni ukuvuga ammonium hydroxide) ukoreshwa nk'umuti usukura ibintu byinshi. Kubera ko ammonia ituma habaho urumuri rudahinduka, imwe mu mikoreshereze yayo ikunze gukoreshwa ni ugusukura ibirahuri, porcelain n'icyuma kitagira imirasire. Ikoreshwa kandi mu gusukura ifuru no mu kuvoma ibintu byo mu mazi kugira ngo ikureho umwanda utetse. Ammonia yo mu rugo iri hagati y'uburemere kuva kuri 5 kugeza kuri 10%.

Ifumbire mvaruganda:
Ammonia y'amazi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora aside nitrike, urea n'indi fumbire mvaruganda. Ku isi yose, hafi 88% (kugeza mu 2014) ya ammonia ikoreshwa nk'ifumbire mvaruganda, haba mu myunyu yayo, mu bisubizo cyangwa mu buryo budafite amazi. Iyo ikoreshejwe mu butaka, ifasha mu gutanga umusaruro mwinshi w'ibihingwa nk'ibigori n'ingano. [Icyitonderwa] 30% bya azote ikoreshwa mu buhinzi ikoreshwa muri Amerika iri mu buryo bwa ammonia idafite amazi kandi ku isi hose toni miliyoni 110 zikoreshwa buri mwaka.

Ibikoresho fatizo:
Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo mu miti no mu miti yica udukoko.

Nk'amavuta:
Ubucucike bw'ingufu za ammonia y'amazi ni 11.5 MJ/L, bingana na kimwe cya gatatu cy'iza mazutu. Nubwo ishobora gukoreshwa nk'amavuta, kubera impamvu nyinshi ibi ntibyigeze bibaho cyangwa ngo bikwirakwizwe hose. Uretse ikoreshwa rya ammonia nk'amavuta mu buryo butaziguye muri moteri zicana umuriro, hari n'amahirwe yo guhindura ammonia ikaba hydrogen aho ishobora gukoreshwa mu gutanga ingufu mu turemangingo twa hydrogen cyangwa igakoreshwa mu turemangingo twa lisansi dushyushye cyane.

Ikorwa rya roketi, imashini itera misile:
Mu nganda z'ingabo, zikoreshwa mu gukora roketi, imashini itera misile.

Igikoresho gikonjesha:
Gukonjesha–R717
Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'icyuma gikonjesha. Kubera ubushobozi bwa ammonia bwo gushyushya umwuka, ni igikoresho cy'ingirakamaro gikonjesha. Yakoreshwaga cyane mbere yuko chlorofluorocarbons (Freons) ikwirakwira. Ammonia idafite amazi ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikonjesha no mu bibuga bya hockey kubera ko ikoresha ingufu nyinshi kandi ihendutse.

Imyenda ikozwe muri mercerized:
Ammonia y'amazi ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyenda ya Mercerized.

Gupakira no Kohereza

Ingamba z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze

GUHUMEKA: Iyo habayeho ingaruka mbi, zishyire ahantu hatanduye. Tanga umwuka w'ubukorano niba
ntabwo bahumeka. Iyo guhumeka bigoye, ogisijeni igomba gutangwa n'abakozi babishoboye.
ubuvuzi bwihuse.
URUHU RWAGEZEHO: Karaba uruhu n'isabune n'amazi byibuze iminota 15 mugihe ukuramo
Imyenda n'inkweto byanduye. Shaka ubufasha bwihuse kwa muganga. Sukura neza kandi wumishe
Imyenda n'inkweto byanduye mbere yo kongera kubikoresha. Senya inkweto zanduye.
UKO WAKORA KU MASO: Sukura amaso yawe amazi menshi byibuze mu gihe cy'iminota 15. Hanyuma fata
ubuvuzi bwihuse.
KUNYWA: NTUGATERE umuntu urimo kuruka. Ntugatume umuntu utazi ubwenge aruka cyangwa ngo anywe ibinyobwa.
Tanga amazi menshi cyangwa amata. Iyo ugiye kuruka, shyira umutwe hasi ugereranije n'ikibuno kugira ngo wirinde
gupfuka umwuka. Niba umuntu atazi ubwenge, hindukira umutwe ugana ku ruhande. Shaka ubuvuzi ako kanya.
ICYITONDERWA MUGANGA: Ku bijyanye no guhumeka, tekereza kuri ogisijeni. Ku bijyanye no kumeza, tekereza kuri kopi y'umuyoboro w'amaraso.
Irinde koga mu mazi.

Amakuru ajyanye

Azane yagiye mu nama ngarukamwaka ya IIAR 2018 yo gushyira mu bikorwa firigo karemano ibera muri Colorado
15 Werurwe 2018
Uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo gukonjesha no gukonjesha bya ammonia rufite ingufu nke, Azane Inc, ruritegura kumurika mu nama n'imurikagurisha rya IIAR 2018 Natural Refrigeration Conference & Expo ku ya 18-21 Werurwe. Iyi nama ibera muri Broadmoor Hotel and Resort muri Colorado Springs, iteganyijwe kwerekana imiterere y'inganda zigezweho ziturutse hirya no hino ku isi. Hamwe n'abamurikagurisha barenga 150, iki gikorwa ni cyo gikorwa kinini cyane cy’abahanga mu bukonjesha n’ubukonjesha, gikurura abantu barenga 1.000.

Azane Inc izamurika Azanefreezer yayo n'imodoka yayo nshya kandi igezweho ya Azanechiller 2.0 yakubye kabiri ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibice byayo ndetse inanoza uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha ammonia mu buryo bushya butandukanye.

Caleb Nelson, Visi Perezida ushinzwe iterambere ry’ubucuruzi muri Azane Inc yagize ati: “Twishimiye gusangiza n’inganda ibyiza by’ibicuruzwa byacu bishya. Azanechiller 2.0 na Azanefreezer biri kwiyongera mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya hvac, ibiribwa, ibinyobwa n’ububiko bukonje, cyane cyane muri Californiya, aho hakenewe cyane uburyo karemano, bukora neza kandi bufite ingaruka nke.”

“Inama ya IIAR Natural Refrigeration Conference ihuza abantu benshi kandi twishimira kuganira na ba rwiyemezamirimo, abajyanama, abakoresha ibikoresho bya nyuma, n'izindi nshuti mu nganda.”

Mu cyumba cya IIAR, ikigo cya Azane cyitwa Star Refrigeration kizahagararirwa na David Blackhurst, Umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’ubujyanama mu bya tekiniki ry’ikigo, Star Technical Solutions, wakoreye mu Nama y’Ubuyobozi ya IIAR. Blackhurst yagize ati: “Buri wese ukora imishinga yo gukonjesha agomba gusobanukirwa imiterere y’ubucuruzi kuri buri gice cy’akazi—harimo ibikoresho agura n’ingaruka bigira ku kiguzi cyo gutunga.”

Hamwe n’imbaraga mpuzamahanga zo kugabanya ikoreshwa rya HFC refrigerants, hari amahirwe ku bikoresho bisanzwe nka ammonia na CO2 gufata umwanya wa mbere. Muri Amerika habayeho iterambere mu mikoreshereze y’ingufu no gukoresha neza ibikoresho bikonjesha mu buryo bwizewe kandi burambye bituma habaho gufata ibyemezo byinshi mu bucuruzi. Ubu hariho igitekerezo cyuzuye, gikomeje gutuma abantu bashishikazwa n’uburyo bwa ammonia ifite umuriro muke nk’uko Azane Inc ibivuga.

Nelson yongeyeho ati: “Sisitemu za Azane zipakiye ammonia zikoresha amafaranga make ni nziza ku mishinga aho umukiriya yifuza kungukirwa n’imikorere myiza ya ammonia mu gihe yirinda ingorane n’amabwiriza akunze kujyana na sisitemu za ammonia zo hagati cyangwa izindi nzira zishingiye kuri firigo.”

Uretse kwamamaza uburyo bwayo bwo gukoresha amoniya ifite umuriro muke, Azane izakira kandi igikorwa cyo gutanga isaha ya Apple ku biro byayo. Iyi sosiyete irasaba intumwa kuzuza ubushakashatsi bugufi kugira ngo isuzume ubumenyi rusange ku bijyanye no guhagarika R22, amabwiriza ku ikoreshwa rya HFCs n'ikoranabuhanga rya amoniya rifite umuriro muke.

Inama ya IIAR 2018 yo muri 2018 yo muri Colorado Springs, muri Colorado, hamwe n'imurikagurisha ry'ibikomoka kuri firigo karemano izaba kuva ku ya 18 kugeza ku ya 21 Werurwe. Sura Azane ku gipangu nimero 120.

Azane ni uruganda rukora ibikoresho bikomeye ku isi byibanda ku bisubizo byo gukonjesha bya amoniya bifite umushari muke. Ubwoko bwa sisitemu za Azane zipakiye zose zikoresha amoniya - icyuma gikonjesha gisanzwe kidafite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ozone kandi nta n'ubushobozi bwo gushyuha kw'isi. Azane ni imwe mu matsinda ya Star Refrigeration Group kandi ikorerwa ku isoko rya Amerika i Chambersburg, PA.

Azane Inc iherutse gushyira ahagaragara Controlled Azane Inc (CAz) ari yo modoka yabo nshya ikorera i Tustin, muri Kaliforuniya, izanye Azanefreezer ku isoko mu nganda zibika ibintu bikonjesha mu gihugu hose. CAz iherutse kugaruka mu nama ya AFFI (American Frozen Food Institute) yabereye i Las Vegas, muri Nevada aho abantu benshi bashishikajwe no kubona ibisubizo bishya byo gukonjesha kugira ngo bagabanye ikiguzi cy’imikorere no kunoza imicungire y’ibyago.