Methane ni imvange y'ibinyabutabire ifite formula ya CH4 (atome imwe ya karuboni na atome enye za hydrogen).

Intangiriro y'ibicuruzwa

Methane ni imvange y’ibinyabutabire ifite formula ya CH4 (atome imwe ya karuboni na atome enye za hydrogen). Ni hydride yo mu itsinda rya 14 kandi ni alkane yoroshye cyane, kandi ni yo igize gazi karemano. Ubwinshi bwa methane ku Isi butuma iba lisansi ikurura abantu, nubwo kuyifata no kuyibika bitera ibibazo bitewe n’uko imeze mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe n’umuvuduko wayo.
Methane karemano iboneka munsi y'ubutaka no munsi y'inyanja. Iyo igeze hejuru no mu kirere, izwi nka methane yo mu kirere. Igipimo cya methane yo mu kirere ku Isi cyiyongereyeho hafi 150% kuva mu 1750, kandi kigize 20% by'ingufu zose zituruka ku myuka yose ihumanya ikirere imaze igihe kirekire kandi ivanze n'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku isi.

Ibisobanuro

Gupakira no Kohereza

Porogaramu

Nk'amavuta
Methane ikoreshwa nk'ibicanwa mu ziko, mu ngo, mu byuma bishyushya amazi, mu mashyiga, mu modoka, mu byuma bishyushya umuriro, n'ibindi. Irashya na ogisijeni kugira ngo ikore umuriro.

Mu nganda z'ibinyabutabire
Methane ihinduka umwuka wa synthesis, uruvange rwa monoxide ya karuboni na hydrogen, binyuze mu kuvugurura umwuka w'umwuka.

Imikoreshereze

Methane ikoreshwa mu nganda kandi ishobora gutwarwa nk'amazi afunze (gaze karemano ifunze, cyangwa LNG). Nubwo amazi ava mu gikoresho gifunze abanza kuremerera umwuka bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'umwuka ukonje, gazi iyo iri ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere iba yoroheje kurusha umwuka. Imiyoboro ya gazi ikwirakwiza gazi karemano nyinshi, muri yo methane ikaba ari yo gice cy'ingenzi.

1. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli
Methane ikoreshwa nk'ibicanwa mu ziko, mu ngo, mu byuma bishyushya amazi, mu mashyiga, mu modoka, mu byuma bishyushya, n'ibindi. Irashya na ogisijeni kugira ngo ikore ubushyuhe.

2. Gazi karemano
Methane ni ingenzi mu gukora amashanyarazi binyuze mu kuyitwika nk'ibikomoka kuri turbine ya gaze cyangwa moteri y'umwuka. Ugereranyije n'izindi lisansi za hydrocarbon, methane itanga gaze karuboni nke kuri buri gice cy'ubushyuhe busohoka. Ku gipimo cya 891 kJ/mol, ubushyuhe bwa methane bwo gutwika buri hasi kurusha ikindi gikoresho cyose cya hydrocarbon ariko igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bwo gutwika (891 kJ/mol) ku gipimo cya molekile (16.0 g/mol, aho 12.0 g/mol ari karuboni) kigaragaza ko methane, ari yo hydrocarbon yoroshye cyane, itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi kuri buri gice cy'ubushyuhe (55.7 kJ/g) kurusha izindi hydrocarbon zikomeye. Mu mijyi myinshi, methane inyuzwa mu ngo kugira ngo ishyushye kandi iteke. Muri uru rwego, ikunze kuzwi nka gaze karemano, ifatwa nk'ingufu zingana na megajoule 39 kuri metero kibe, cyangwa BTU 1.000 kuri metero kibe isanzwe.

Methane mu buryo bwa gaze karemano ifunze ikoreshwa nk'amavuta y'ibinyabiziga kandi bivugwa ko itangiza ibidukikije kurusha izindi lisansi nka lisansi/lisansi na mazutu. Ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwo kubika methane mu buryo bwo kuyibika nk'amavuta y'ibinyabiziga bwakozwe.

3. Gazi karemano ishongeshejwe
Gazi karemano ishongeshejwe (LNG) ni gaze karemano (iganjemo methane, CH4) yahinduwe mu buryo bw'amazi kugira ngo byorohere kubibika cyangwa gutwara. Amato ahenze ya LNG arakenewe kugira ngo atware methane.

Gazi karemano ishongeshejwe ifata hafi 1/600 cy'ingano ya gaze karemano mu gihe imeze nk'iy'umwuka. Nta mpumuro igira, nta ibara, ntabwo ari uburozi kandi ntishobora kwangiza. Ingaruka zirimo gushya nyuma yo gushya ikajya mu mwuka, gukonja no kubura umwuka.

4. Amavuta ya roketi akoresha amazi na methane
Methane y'amazi itunganyijwe ikoreshwa nk'amavuta ya roketi. Bivugwa ko Methane itanga inyungu kurusha peteroli yo gushyira karuboni nkeya ku bice by'imbere bya moteri za roketi, bigabanya ingorane zo kongera gukoresha ibitera imbaraga.

Methane iboneka cyane mu bice byinshi bya sisitemu y'izuba kandi ishobora gukurwa ku buso bw'ikindi gice cy'isitemu y'izuba (cyane cyane, hakoreshejwe ikorwa rya methane ikomoka ku bikoresho byo muri ako gace biboneka kuri Mars cyangwa Titan), ikaba itanga lisansi yo gusubira inyuma.

5. Ibiryo by'imiti
Methane ihinduka gaze ivangavanze, uruvange rwa monoxide ya karuboni na hydrogen, binyuze mu kuvugurura umwuka. Iyi nzira ikomeza (isaba ingufu) ikoresha catalysts kandi isaba ubushyuhe bwinshi, hafi 700–1100 °C.

Ingamba z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze

Ikoranabuhanga n'amaso:Nta na kimwe gikenewe kuri gaze. Niba ukeka ko hari ibicurane, oza amaso n'amazi akonje mu gihe cy'iminota 15 hanyuma ubone ubufasha bwihuse bwa muganga.
Ikorana n'uruhu:Nta gaze ikenewe. Ku bijyanye n'uruhu cyangwa ibikekwa ko byatewe n'ubukonje, kuramo imyenda yanduye hanyuma woge ahantu handuye n'amazi ashyushye. NTUKORESHE AMAZI ASHYUSHYE. Umuganga agomba kubonana n'umurwayi vuba niba byageze ku ruhu cyangwa mu gukonjesha cyane.
Guhumeka:KWITA KU MUVUZI BYihuse MU GIHE CYOSE CY'UBWIYUMVIRO BWO KUHUMEKA CYANE. ABATABAZI BAGOMBA KUBA BAFITE IBIKORESHO BYO GUHUMEKA BYO KWIYUNGA. Abahumeka bafite ubwenge bagomba gufashwa kugera ahantu hatanduye no guhumeka umwuka mwiza. Niba guhumeka bigoye, tanga ogisijeni. Abantu batameze neza bagomba kwimurirwa ahantu hatanduye, kandi, bibaye ngombwa, bagahabwa umwuka w'ubukorano n'umwuka w'inyongera. Ubuvuzi bugomba kuba bufite ibimenyetso kandi bushyigikira.
Kurya:Nta na kimwe gikoreshwa mu buryo busanzwe. Shaka abaganga niba ibimenyetso bigaragaye.
Inyandiko ku Muganga:Vura ibimenyetso.

Methane yo hanze y'isi
Methane yabonetse cyangwa bikekwa ko ibaho ku mibumbe yose y’izuba ndetse no ku mezi menshi manini. Uretse Mars, bikekwa ko yaturutse ku mikorere idashingiye ku binyabuzima.
Methane (CH4) kuri Mars - isoko ishobora guturukamo n'amazi ashobora kurohama.
Methane yavuzwe nk'igikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa mu butumwa bwa Mars mu gihe kizaza bitewe nuko gishobora kuyikora ku isi hakoreshejwe umutungo kamere.[58] Uburyo bwo guhindura uburyo Sabatier methanation reaction bushobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'uburyo buvanze bwo gukamura umwuka hamwe n'impinduka mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amazi mu cyuma kimwe cyo gukora methane mu bikoresho fatizo biboneka kuri Mars, hakoreshejwe amazi yo munsi ya Mars na dioxyde de carbone mu kirere cya Mars.

Methane ishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe inzira itari iya biyoloji yitwa "serpentinization[a] irimo amazi, dioxyde de carbone, na mineral olivine, izwiho kuba ikunze kugaragara kuri Mars.