Uzuza fomu iri hepfo hanyuma tuzagutumaho imeri ya PDF ivuga ngo “Iterambere rishya ry’ikoranabuhanga rihindura dioxyde de carbone mo lisansi y’amazi”
Dioxyde de carbone (CO2) ni umusaruro w’ibikomoka ku bisigazwa by’ibimera bitwikwa n’imyuka ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bidukikije, ishobora guhindurwamo ibikomoka ku bimera by’ingirakamaro mu buryo burambye. Uburyo bumwe bwiza bwo guhindura imyuka ya CO2 mu bikomoka ku bimera ni uburyo bwitwa kugabanya amashanyarazi. Ariko kugira ngo iyi gahunda ibe nziza mu bucuruzi, igomba kunozwa kugira ngo hatoranywe cyangwa hakorwe ibintu byinshi byifuzwa birimo karubone. Ubu, nk'uko byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru Nature Energy, Laboratwari y’Igihugu ya Lawrence Berkeley (Berkeley Lab) yashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kunoza ubuso bw’icyuma gikoreshwa mu gukora ibiza, bityo bikongera uburyo bwo guhitamo.
“Nubwo tuzi ko umuringa ari wo musaruro mwiza w’iki gikorwa, ntabwo utanga uburyo bwo guhitamo neza ku gicuruzwa wifuza,” ibi byavuzwe na Alexis, umuhanga mu bya siyansi mu ishami ry’ubumenyi bw’ibinyabutabire muri Berkeley Lab akaba n’umwarimu mu by’ubuhanga mu bya chimique muri Kaminuza ya California, Berkeley. Spell yagize ati: “Itsinda ryacu ryasanze ushobora gukoresha ibidukikije byo mu gace ka catalyst kugira ngo ukore amayeri atandukanye yo gutanga ubwoko bw’uburyo bwo guhitamo.”
Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere, abashakashatsi bashyizeho imiterere nyayo kugira ngo batange ibidukikije byiza by'amashanyarazi n'ibinyabutabire byo gukora ibintu bikungahaye kuri karubone bifite agaciro k'ubucuruzi. Ariko ibi bihabanye n'imimerere isanzwe ibaho mu turemangingo dusanzwe tw'ibikomoka kuri peteroli dukoresha ibikoresho bikoresha amazi.
Kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere ishobora gukoreshwa mu bidukikije by’amazi ya lisansi, nk'igice cy'umushinga w’ikigo gishinzwe guhanga udushya mu by’ingufu cya Minisiteri y’Ingufu, Liquid Sunshine Alliance, Bell n'ikipe ye bifashishije urwego rworoshye rwa ionomeri, rutuma molekile zimwe na zimwe (iyoni) zishyuzwa zinyuramo. Uretse izindi iyoni. Bitewe n'imiterere yazo ya shimi itoranya cyane, zikwiriye cyane kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku bidukikije.
Chanyeon Kim, umushakashatsi wa postdoctoral mu itsinda rya Bell akaba n'umwanditsi wa mbere w'iyi nyandiko, yatanze igitekerezo cyo gusiga hejuru ya catalysts z'umuringa ionomers ebyiri zisanzwe, Nafion na Sustaination. Itsinda ryatekereje ko kubikora byagombye guhindura ibidukikije hafi ya catalysts—harimo pH n'ingano y'amazi na dioxyde de carbone—mu buryo bumwe kugira ngo biyobore uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bikungahaye kuri karubone bishobora guhindurwa byoroshye mu binyabutabire by'ingirakamaro. Ibicuruzwa n'ibicanwa by'amazi.
Abashakashatsi bakoresheje urwego rworoshye rwa buri ionomeri n'urwego rubiri rwa ionomeri ebyiri ku gapapuro k'umuringa gashyigikiwe n'ibikoresho bya polymer kugira ngo hakorwe agapapuro, bashobora gushyira hafi y'impera imwe y'akaremangingo k'amashanyarazi gafite ishusho y'intoki. Mu gihe bashyiraga dioxyde de carbone muri bateri no gukoresha voltage, bapimye umuriro wose unyura muri bateri. Hanyuma bapimye gaze n'amazi byakusanyijwe mu kigega cyegeranye mu gihe cyo gukora reaction. Ku gasanduku k'ibice bibiri, basanze ibicuruzwa bikungahaye kuri karubone bigira 80% by'ingufu zikoreshwa n'irangizwa ry'irangizwa - zirenze 60% mu gasanduku kadapfutse.
Bell yagize ati: “Ubu buryo bwo gusiga sandwich butanga ibyiza kurusha ubundi bwose: guhitamo ibicuruzwa byinshi no gukora cyane.” Ubuso bw’ibice bibiri ntabwo ari bwiza gusa ku bicuruzwa bikungahaye kuri karubone, ahubwo bunatanga umuyoboro ukomeye icyarimwe, bigaragaza ko ibikorwa byiyongera.
Abashakashatsi basanze uburyo bwo kongera ubushobozi bwo gusubiza ibintu bwatewe n’ubwinshi bwa CO2 bwiyongeraga mu gishishwa kiri hejuru y’umuringa. Byongeye kandi, molekile zirimo amashanyarazi mabi zikusanyiriza mu gace kari hagati ya ionomeri ebyiri zizatanga aside nkeya yo mu gace. Uku guhuza bigabanya ubusumbane bukunze kubaho iyo hatabayeho filime za ionomeri.
Kugira ngo barusheho kunoza imikorere y’ibisubizo, abashakashatsi bifashishije ikoranabuhanga ryari ryaragaragaye mbere ridasaba filimi ya ionoma nk'ubundi buryo bwo kongera CO2 na pH: voltage ya pulse. Mu gukoresha voltage ya pulse ku gipfundikizo cya ionoma gifite ibyiciro bibiri, abashakashatsi bagezeho ubwiyongere bwa 250% mu bicuruzwa bikungahaye kuri karubone ugereranije n’umuringa utari waratwitswe na voltage ya static.
Nubwo bamwe mu bashakashatsi bibanda ku iterambere ry’imashini nshya zikora ibintu bishya, kuvumbura imashini ntibyita ku mikorere yayo. Kugenzura ibidukikije ku buso bwa imashini ni uburyo bushya kandi butandukanye.
“Ntabwo twazanye uburyo bushya bwo gukangura ibintu, ahubwo twakoresheje uburyo twari dusobanukiwe n’uburyo bwo gukora ibintu, kandi twakoresheje ubwo bumenyi kugira ngo butuyobore mu gutekereza ku buryo twahindura ibidukikije by’aho kakangura ibintu,” ibi byavuzwe na Adam Weber, injeniyeri mukuru. Abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu muri Berkeley Laboratories akaba n’umwanditsi wungirije w’inyandiko.
Intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukwagura umusaruro wa catalysts zipfutse. Igerageza ry'ibanze ry'itsinda rya Berkeley Lab ryakozwe hifashishijwe sisitemu ntoya z'icyitegererezo, zari zoroshye cyane kurusha inyubako nini zifite imyenge ikenewe mu bucuruzi. Bell yagize ati: “Ntabwo bigoye gushyira irangi ku buso burambuye. Ariko uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bushobora kuba burimo gusiga udupira duto tw'umuringa.” Kongeramo urwego rwa kabiri rw'irangi biragoye. Uburyo bumwe ni ukuvanga no gushyira irangi mu cyuma, kandi ukiringira ko bizatandukana iyo irangi rimaze gushonga. Bite ho niba bitagenze gutyo? Bell yasoje agira ati: “Dukeneye kuba abanyabwenge gusa.” Reba Kim C, Bui JC, Luo X n'abandi. Ibidukikije bya catalysts byihariye byo kugabanya CO2 ku bicuruzwa bya karuboni nyinshi hakoreshejwe irangi rya ionomer ry'icyiciro cya kabiri ku muringa. Nat Energy. 2021;6(11):1026-1034. doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00920-8
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2021
