Oxyde nitrous, izwi cyane nka gaze iseka cyangwa nitrous, ni ikintu cy’ibinyabutabire, oxyde ya azote ifite formula N2O

Intangiriro y'ibicuruzwa

Oxyde nitrous, izwi cyane nka gaze iseka cyangwa nitrous, ni ikintu kigizwe n'ibinyabutabire, oxyde ya azote ifite formula N2O. Mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba, ni gaze idashya idafite ibara, ifite impumuro n'uburyohe by'icyuma bike. Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, oxyde nitrous ni oxyde ikomeye isa na oxyde ya molekile.

Okiside ya nitrous ikoreshwa cyane mu buvuzi, cyane cyane mu kubaga no mu buvuzi bw'amenyo, kubera ingaruka zayo zo kugabanya ububabare no kugabanya ububabare. Izina ryayo "gas secking gas", ryahimbwe na Humphry Davy, riterwa n'ingaruka nziza iyo uyihumeka, ikintu cyatumye ikoreshwa mu kwidagadura nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwatanzwe n'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima, imiti myiza kandi ifite umutekano ikenewe mu rwego rw'ubuzima.[2] Ikoreshwa kandi nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare mu binyabutabire bya roketi, no mu gusiganwa kwa moteri kugira ngo yongere imbaraga za moteri.

Ibisobanuro

Porogaramu

Ubuvuzi
Oxyde nitrous yakoreshejwe mu buvuzi bw'amenyo no kubaga, nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare n'uburibwe, kuva mu 1844

ikoranabuhanga
Ikoreshwa hamwe na silane mu gushyira umwuka wa shimi mu bice bya silikoni nitride; ikoreshwa kandi mu gutunganya ubushyuhe bwihuse kugira ngo ikuremo okiside nziza cyane.

Gupakira no Kohereza

Ingamba z'ubutabazi bw'ibanze

GUHUMEKA: Iyo habayeho ingaruka mbi, zishyire ahantu hatanduye. Niba nta guhumeka kw'ubukorano bihari, shyiramo umwuka w'ubukorano.

Guhumeka. Iyo guhumeka bigoye, ogisijeni igomba gutangwa n'abakozi babishoboye. Shaka ako kanya.

kwitabwaho n'abaganga.

URUHU RWAGEZEHO: Iyo habayeho ubukonje cyangwa gukonja, hita woza amazi menshi y'akazuyazi (105-115 F; 41-46 C). NTUKORESHE AMAZI ASHYUSHYE. Niba amazi ashyushye adahari, funga witonze ibice byangiritse mu

amashuka. Shaka ubuvuzi bwihuse.

UKO WAKORA KU MASO: Sukura amaso n'amazi menshi.

KUNYWA: Iyo unyoye byinshi, jya kwa muganga.

ICYITONDERWA MUGANGA: Ku bijyanye no guhumeka, tekereza kuri ogisijeni.

Imikoreshereze

1. Moteri za roketi

Oxyde nitrous ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umuti ugabanya ubushyuhe muri moteri ya roketi. Ibi bifite akamaro kurusha ibindi bigabanya ubushyuhe kuko atari uburozi gusa, ahubwo bitewe nuko ihoraho mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba, byoroshye kuyibika kandi ikaba itekanye kuyitwara mu kirere. Nk'inyungu ya kabiri, ishobora kubora byoroshye kugira ngo ikore umwuka uhumeka. Ubucucike bwayo bwinshi n'umuvuduko wayo muke (iyo igumanye ubushyuhe buke) bituma ibasha guhangana cyane n'imyuka mibi ibikwamo.

2. Moteri itwika imbere — (Moteri ya nitrous oxide)

Mu gusiganwa kw'imodoka, okiside nitrous (ikunze kwitwa "nitrous" gusa) yemerera moteri gutwika lisansi nyinshi binyuze mu gutanga ogisijeni nyinshi kuruta umwuka wonyine, bigatuma umuriro utwika cyane.

Okiside y'amazi ya nitrous yo mu rwego rw'imodoka itandukanye gato na okiside y'amazi ya nitrous yo mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi. Agace gato ka dioxyde ya sulfur (SO2) kongerwamo kugira ngo hirindwe ikoreshwa nabi ry'ibiyobyabwenge. Gukaraba kenshi unyuze mu gice cy'ibanze (nk'umusemburo wa sodium hydroxide) bishobora gukuraho ibi, bigabanye imiterere yangiza igaragara iyo SO2 ikomeje gukaraba mu gihe cyo gutwika ikaba aside ya sulfure, bigatuma imyuka ihumanya ivamo umwuka iba isukuye.

3. Imashini itera aerosol

Iyo gaze yemerewe gukoreshwa nk'inyongeramusaruro ku biryo (izwi kandi nka E942), cyane cyane nk'umusemburo wa aerosol spray. Ikoreshwa cyane muri uru rwego ni mu dusanduku twa aerosol whipped cream, spray zo guteka, ndetse na gaze idakora ikoreshwa mu kwimura ogisijeni kugira ngo ikumire gukura kwa bagiteri iyo zuzura paki z'ibirayi n'ibindi biribwa bisa n'ibyo.

Mu buryo nk'ubwo, spray yo guteka, ikorwa mu mavuta atandukanye avanze na lecithin (emulsifier), ishobora gukoresha nitrous oxide nk'umusemburo. Izindi spray zikoreshwa mu guteka spray zirimo alcool na propane.

4. Ubuvuzi——– Oxyde nitrous (umuti)

Oxyde nitrous yakoreshejwe mu buvuzi bw'amenyo no kubaga, nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare n'uburibwe, kuva mu 1844.

Oxyde nitrous ni umuti udakora neza wo kugabanya ububabare, bityo muri rusange ntukoreshwa mu gutera ikinya gusa, ahubwo ukoreshwa nk'umwuka utwara abantu (uvanze na ogisijeni) mu miti ikomeye yo gutera ikinya nka sevoflurane cyangwa desflurane. Ifite nibura igipimo cya alveolar kingana na 105% n'ikigereranyo cy'amaraso/gas cya 0.46. Ariko, gukoresha oxyde nitrous mu gutera ikinya bishobora kongera ibyago byo kugira isesemi no kuruka nyuma yo kubagwa.

Mu Bwongereza na Kanada, Entonox na Nitronox bikunze gukoreshwa n'abakozi ba ambulance (harimo n'abataranditse) nk'imyuka igabanya ububabare yihuta kandi ifite akamaro kanini.

50% ya nitrous oxide ishobora gukoreshwa n'abitabaza ubutabazi bw'ibanze batari abanyamwuga mu bitaro, bitewe n'uburyo bworoshye n'umutekano wo gutanga 50% ya nitrous oxide nk'umuti ugabanya ububabare. Gusubira inyuma vuba kw'ingaruka zayo byayirinda ko ifatwa nabi.

5. Gukoresha mu kwidagadura

Guhumeka okiside nitrous mu buryo bwo kwidagadura, hagamijwe gutera ibyishimo cyangwa kubona ibintu nk'aho nta kintu na kimwe kigaragara, byatangiye nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi ku bantu bo mu rwego rwo hejuru b'Abongereza mu 1799, kizwi nka "ibirori byo guseka bya gaze".

Mu Bwongereza, guhera mu 2014, inzoga ya azote yakoreshejwe n'urubyiruko rugera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cya miliyoni mu birori byo kuraramo, mu minsi mikuru no mu birori. Amategeko agenga iyo mikoreshereze aratandukanye cyane bitewe n'igihugu, ndetse no mu mijyi imwe n'imwe mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe.