Igiciro cyaneongazi idasanzwe ya semiconductor yari ibuze kubera ikibazo cya Ukraine umwaka ushize, yibasiye urutare mu mwaka nigice. Koreya y'Epfoneonibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga nabyo byageze ku rwego rwo hasi mu myaka umunani. Mugihe inganda za semiconductor zigenda zangirika, icyifuzo cyibikoresho fatizo kiragabanuka no gutanga no gukenera guhagarara.
Dukurikije imibare yaturutse muri Koreya ya gasutamo, igiciro cy’ibitumizwa mu mahanganeongaze muri Koreya y'Epfo mu kwezi gushize yari 53.700 by'amadolari y'Amerika (hafi miliyoni 70 yatsindiye), igabanuka rya 99% bivuye kuri miliyoni 2.9 z'amadolari y'Amerika (hafi miliyari 3.7 won) muri Kamena umwaka ushize. Amadolari y'Abanyamerika) yakomeje kugabanuka, igabanuka cyane kugeza kuri 1/10. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanganeongaze nayo yaguye cyane. Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byari toni 2,4 mu kwezi gushize, urwego rwo hasi mu myaka umunani kuva Ukwakira 2014.
Neonni ibikoresho byingenzi bya lazeri ya excimer, bikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kwerekana amashusho meza kuri wafer (semiconductor optique disiki) ukoresheje urumuri. Ifatwa nkibikoresho byingenzi mubikorwa bya semiconductor, ariko kugeza 2021 biterwa rwose nibitumizwa hanze. Kugeza ubu, Koreya y'Epfo ahanini itumiza mu mahanganeonukomoka muri Ukraine n'Uburusiya, bingana na 70% by'umusaruro wa gaze udasanzwe ku isi, ariko urwego rwo gutanga ibicuruzwa rwahagaritswe kubera ko intambara y'Uburusiya na Ukraine ikomeje.
Umwaka ushize, Koreya y'Epfogaze idasanzweibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa bingana na 80-100% by'ibyo byatumijwe mu mahanga. Hagati aho, igiciro cyaneonyageze kuri miliyoni 2.9 z'amadolari (hafi miliyari 3.775 won) muri Kamena umwaka ushize, zikubye inshuro zigera kuri 55 ugereranyije n'umwaka ushize. “Imyuka idasanzweubusanzwe babikwa amezi atatu mbere, kandi amasezerano agasinywa ku giciro cyagenwe, bityo kugeza hagati y'umwaka ushize, nta mpungenge nini zigeze zibaho ”, ibi bikaba byavuzwe n'umuyobozi mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Guverinoma ya Koreya yepfo n’amasosiyete yihutishije iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga kavukire nkigiciro cyaimyuka idasanzweyazamutse kubera ubusumbane bwibisabwa. Umwaka ushize, POSCO yatangiye gutanga umusaruroneongaze ku ruganda rwa ogisijeni ku ruganda rwa Gwangyang. POSCO na TEMC, isosiyete izobereye mu myuka ya semiconductor yihariye, bafatanyije guteza imbere uruganda rwabo rukora gaze ya neon bakoresheje imashini nini zitandukanya ikirere kugira ngo babone gaze yo gukora ibyuma. Uwitekaneongaze yakuwe muri ubu buryo itunganijwe na TEMC hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryayo bwite, ndetse ikanakorwa gaze ya gaze ya laser. Gazi isukuye cyane ya neon ikorwa n’uruganda rwa ogisijeni ku ruganda rwa Gwangyang irahagije kugira ngo 16% by’imbere mu gihugu. Neon yo murugo yose yakozwe murubu buryo yagurishijwe.
Abakora Semiconductor nabo bongera igipimo cya Koreya yepfoimyuka idasanzwe. SK Hynix yasimbuye hafi 40 ku ijana byayoneonikoreshwa rya gaze hamwe nibicuruzwa byimbere mu gihugu umwaka ushize kandi irateganya kongera ibyo 100% umwaka utaha. Yiyemeje kandi kwinjiza gaze mu gihugu imbere muri Kamena uyu mwaka. Nyuma yo gutangiza urugoneon, Samsung Electronics nayo ifatanya na POSCO kugirango bateze imbere xenon.
Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryibikorwa bya Koreya yepfo, umugabane waimyuka idasanzwebyatumijwe mu Bushinwa byagabanutse cyane. Gazi ya neon yose yatumijwe muke mukwezi gushize yavuye muburusiya. Byongeye kandi, ibiciro biteganijwe ko bizahagarara by'agateganyo mu gihe inganda za semiconductor zangiritse cyane guhera mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka ushize, bikagabanya ibyifuzo bya gaze zidasanzwe nkaneon. Icyakora, impinduka imwe ni uko Uburusiya, ibicuruzwa bitumiza mu mahanga, byongereye itegeko ryo kohereza ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe byoherezwa mu bihugu bidafite inshuti harimo na Koreya y'Epfo kugeza mu mpera z'uyu mwaka hasubijwe ibihano Amerika yafatiye Uburusiya. Umukozi wa KOTRA yagize ati: "Uruganda rukora gaze rudasanzwe rwo muri Ukraine ruracyafunzwe kandi itangwa rya gaze ridasanzwe riva mu Burusiya naryo ntirihungabana."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-08-2023
