Hariho iyindi mibumbe ibidukikije bisa nibyacu? Turashimira iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya astronomie, ubu tumenye ko hariho imibumbe ibihumbi n'ibihumbi izenguruka inyenyeri za kure. Ubushakashatsi bushya bwerekana ko exoplanets zimwe mu isanzure zifiteheliumikirere gikungahaye. Impamvu yubunini butaringaniye bwimibumbe muri sisitemu yizuba ifitanye isano naheliumibirimo. Ubu buvumbuzi bushobora kurushaho gusobanukirwa ubwihindurize.

Amayobera kubyerekeranye nubunini bwo gutandukana kwimibumbe idasanzwe

Mu 1992 ni bwo havumbuwe exoplanet ya mbere. Impamvu byatwaye igihe kinini kubona imibumbe hanze yizuba ni uko bahagarikwa numucyo winyenyeri. Kubwibyo, abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bazanye uburyo bwubwenge bwo kubona exoplanets. Igenzura kugabanuka k'umurongo mbere yuko umubumbe utambutsa inyenyeri. Muri ubu buryo, ubu tuzi ko imibumbe isanzwe ndetse no hanze yizuba. Nibura kimwe cya kabiri cyizuba nkinyenyeri bifite byibura ingano yumubumbe umwe kuva kwisi kugeza Neptune. Iyi mibumbe ikekwa kuba ifite "hydrogène" na "helium" ikirere, byakusanyirijwe muri gaze n'umukungugu bikikije inyenyeri akivuka.

Igitangaje ariko, ingano ya exoplanets iratandukanye hagati yaya matsinda yombi. Imwe irikubye inshuro 1.5 ubunini bwisi, indi irenze inshuro ebyiri ubunini bwisi. Kandi kubwimpamvu runaka, ntakintu kiri hagati yacyo. Uku gutandukana kwa amplitude kwitwa "radius Valley". Gukemura iri banga bizera ko bidufasha kumva imiterere nihindagurika ryiyi mibumbe.

Isano iri hagatiheliumn'ubunini bwo gutandukana n'imibumbe idasanzwe

Igitekerezo kimwe ni uko ubunini butandukana (ikibaya) cy'imibumbe idasanzwe ifitanye isano n'ikirere cy'isi. Inyenyeri ni ahantu habi cyane, aho imibumbe ihora iterwa na X-ray na ultraviolet. Byizerwa ko ibi byambuye ikirere, hasigara urutare ruto gusa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Isaac Muskie, umunyeshuri wa dogiteri wa kaminuza ya kaminuza ya Michigan, na Leslie Rogers, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’inyenyeri muri kaminuza ya Chicago, bahisemo kwiga ku kibazo cyo kwambura umubumbe umubumbe w’ikirere, witwa “gusohora ikirere”.

Kugira ngo basobanukirwe n'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe n'imirasire ku kirere cy'isi, bakoresheje imibare y’imibumbe n’amategeko agenga umubiri kugira ngo bakore icyitegererezo kandi bakore amashusho 70000. Basanze, imyaka miriyari nyuma yo kurema imibumbe, hydrogène ifite misa ntoya ya atome yazimira mberehelium. Kurenga 40% byikirere cyisi gishobora kuba kigizwehelium.

Gusobanukirwa imiterere nihindagurika ryimibumbe nibimenyetso byo kuvumbura ubuzima bwisi

Kugira ngo basobanukirwe n'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe n'imirasire ku kirere cy'isi, bakoresheje imibare y’imibumbe n’amategeko agenga umubiri kugira ngo bakore icyitegererezo kandi bakore amashusho 70000. Basanze, imyaka miriyari nyuma yo kurema imibumbe, hydrogène ifite misa ntoya ya atome yazimira mberehelium. Kurenga 40% byikirere cyisi gishobora kuba kigizwehelium.

Kurundi ruhande, imibumbe ikirimo hydrogene naheliumkwagura ikirere. Kubwibyo, niba ikirere kikiriho, abantu batekereza ko kizaba itsinda rinini ryimibumbe. Iyi mibumbe yose irashobora gushyuha, guhura nimirase ikabije, kandi ikagira ikirere cyumuvuduko mwinshi. Kubwibyo, kuvumbura ubuzima bisa nkaho bidashoboka. Ariko gusobanukirwa inzira yo kurema umubumbe bizadushoboza kumenya neza neza imibumbe ibaho nuburyo isa. Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugushakisha exoplanets yororoka ubuzima.