Abakora Chipmakers bahura nibibazo bishya. Inganda zibangamiwe n’ingaruka nshya nyuma y’icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyateje ibibazo by’isoko. Uburusiya, kimwe mu bihugu bitanga gaze nini cyane ku isi bikoresha ingufu za semiconductor, bwatangiye kugabanya ibyoherezwa mu bihugu bifata ko ari umwanzi. Izi ni imyuka ya "noble" nkaneon, argon nahelium.
Iki ni ikindi gikoresho cy’ubukungu bwa Putin ku bihugu byafatiye ibihano Moscou kubera gutera Ukraine. Mbere y'intambara, Uburusiya na Ukraine hamwe byari hafi 30 ku ijana by'ibitangwaneongaze ya semiconductor hamwe nibikoresho bya elegitoronike, nkuko Bain & Company ibivuga. Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga biza mu gihe inganda n’abakiriya bayo batangiye kwigaragaza mu kibazo gikomeye cyo gutanga. Umwaka ushize, abatwara ibinyabiziga bagabanije umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga bitewe n’ibura rya chip, nkuko LMC Automotive ibitangaza. Gutanga biteganijwe ko bizatera imbere mugice cya kabiri cyumwaka.
Neonigira uruhare runini mubikorwa bya semiconductor kuko ikubiyemo inzira yitwa lithographie. Gazi igenzura uburebure bwurumuri rwakozwe na lazeri, yanditseho "ibimenyetso" kuri wafer ya silicon. Mbere y'intambara, Uburusiya bwakusanyije mbisineonnk'ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda zibyuma hanyuma byoherezwa muri Ukraine kugirango bisukure. Ibihugu byombi byari byabyaye ingufu za gaze nziza zo mu gihe cy’Abasoviyeti, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zikoresha mu kubaka ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare n’ikirere, nyamara intambara yo muri Ukraine yangije byinshi mu bushobozi bw’inganda. Imirwano ikaze mu mijyi imwe n'imwe yo muri Ukraine, harimo Mariupol na Odessa, yangije ubutaka bw'inganda, ku buryo byohereza ibicuruzwa mu karere bigoye cyane.
Ku rundi ruhande, kuva Uburusiya bwatera muri Crimée mu 2014, abakora inganda za semiconductor ku isi bagiye buhoro buhoro batishingikiriza ku karere. Umugabane wo gutanganeongaze muri Ukraine n'Uburusiya kuva kera 80% na 90%, ariko byagabanutse kuva 2014. munsi ya kimwe cya gatatu. Biracyari kare kuvuga uburyo ibihano byoherezwa mu Burusiya bizagira ingaruka ku bakora semiconductor. Kugeza ubu, intambara yo muri Ukraine ntiyigeze ihungabanya itangwa rya chip.
Ariko nubwo ababikora babasha kwishyura ibicuruzwa byatakaye mukarere, barashobora kwishyura byinshi kuri gaze nziza. Ibiciro byabo akenshi biragoye kubikurikirana kuko ibyinshi bigurishwa binyuze mumasezerano maremare yigenga, ariko nkuko CNN ibitangaza abahanga bavuga ko igiciro cyamasezerano ya gaze ya neon cyazamutse inshuro eshanu kuva igitero cya Ukraine cyatera kandi kizazana kuguma kuri uru rwego ugereranije igihe kirekire.
Koreya y'Epfo, ibamo igihangange mu ikoranabuhanga rya Samsung, izaba iya mbere mu kumva “ububabare” kubera ko ishingiye ahanini ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi bitandukanye na Amerika, Ubuyapani n'Uburayi, nta masosiyete akomeye ya gaze ashobora kongera umusaruro. Umwaka ushize, Samsung Yarenze Intel muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika kugirango ibe inganda nini nini ku isi. Ubu ibihugu biriruka kugirango byongere ubushobozi bwo gukora chip nyuma yimyaka ibiri y’icyorezo, bituma bisigara bikabije guhungabana mumurongo wogutanga isoko.
Intel yemeye gufasha guverinoma y’Amerika kandi mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka yatangaje ko izashora miliyari 20 z'amadolari mu nganda ebyiri nshya. Umwaka ushize, Samsung yiyemeje kandi kubaka uruganda rwa miliyari 17 z'amadolari muri Texas. Kongera umusaruro wa chip birashobora gutuma abantu benshi bakeneye gaze nziza. Mu gihe Uburusiya bukangisha kugabanya ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Ubushinwa bushobora kuba bumwe mu bwatsinze kurusha abandi, kuko bufite ubushobozi bunini kandi bushya. Kuva mu 2015, Ubushinwa bwashora imari mu nganda zabwo zikoresha igice cya kabiri, harimo ibikoresho bikenerwa mu gutandukanya imyuka myiza n’ibindi bicuruzwa by’inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-23-2022
