Abakora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bahanganye n'imbogamizi nshya. Inganda ziri mu kaga gakomeye kubera ibyago bishya nyuma y'uko icyorezo cya COVID-19 giteje ibibazo by'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa. Uburusiya, bumwe mu bucuruzi bunini ku isi bw'imyuka myiza ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, bwatangiye kugabanya ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu bihugu bubona ko ari bibi. Ibi ni imyuka yitwa "mico myiza" nkaneon, argon naheliyumu.
Iki ni ikindi gikoresho cya Putin mu bukungu ku bihugu byafatiye ibihano Moscou kubera gutera Ukraine. Mbere y’intambara, Uburusiya na Ukraine byose hamwe byari bifite hafi 30% by’itangwa ryaneonGazi ikoreshwa mu byuma bitwara amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, nk'uko Bain & Company ibivuga. Ibi bibuza kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bije mu gihe inganda n'abakiriya bazo batangiye kuva mu kibazo gikomeye cy'ingufu zitangwa. Umwaka ushize, abakora imodoka bagabanyije cyane umusaruro w'imodoka bitewe n'ibura ry'ibikoresho binini, nk'uko LMC Automotive ibitangaza. Biteganijwe ko ibicuruzwa bizagenda neza mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka.
NeonIfite uruhare runini mu gukora semiconductor kuko ikubiyemo inzira yitwa lithography. Imyuka igenzura uburebure bw'urumuri rukorwa na laser, ikaba igaragara ku "miterere" kuri silicon wafer. Mbere y'intambara, Uburusiya bwakusanyijeneonnk'umusaruro w'inyongera mu nganda zayo z'ibyuma maze ziyohereza muri Ukraine kugira ngo zisukurwe. Ibihugu byombi byari ingenzi mu gukora imyuka myiza yo mu gihe cy'Abasoviyeti, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zakoresheje mu kubaka ikoranabuhanga rya gisirikare n'iryo mu isanzure, nyamara intambara yo muri Ukraine yangije ubushobozi bw'inganda mu buryo burambye. Intambara ikomeye mu mijyi imwe n'imwe yo muri Ukraine, irimo Mariupol na Odessa, yangije ubutaka bw'inganda, bituma bigorana cyane kohereza ibicuruzwa bivuye muri ako karere.
Ku rundi ruhande, kuva aho Uburusiya bugabiye Crimea mu 2014, inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor ku isi zagiye zigabanuka buhoro buhoro ku karere.neonGazi muri Ukraine no mu Burusiya mu mateka yari iri hagati ya 80% na 90%, ariko kuva mu 2014 yagabanutseho munsi ya kimwe cya gatatu. Haracyari kare cyane kuvuga uburyo amategeko agenga kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga mu Burusiya azagira ingaruka ku bakora ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Kugeza ubu, intambara muri Ukraine ntiyigeze ibangamira itangwa ry’ibikoresho bya chips mu buryo buhoraho.
Ariko nubwo abakora babasha kwishyura amafaranga yatakaye muri ako karere, bashobora kuba bishyura menshi kuri gazi nziza. Ibiciro byabo akenshi biragoye kubikurikirana kuko ibyinshi bigurishwa binyuze mu masezerano y’igihe kirekire yigenga, ariko nk’uko CNN ibivuga, ikoresheje impuguke, igiciro cy’amasezerano ya gazi ya neon cyazamutse inshuro eshanu kuva Ukraine yatera kandi kizakomeza kuba kuri uru rwego mu gihe kirekire.
Koreya y'Epfo, ituyemo ikigo gikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga cya Samsung, izaba iya mbere mu kumva "ububabare" kuko yishingikiriza hafi ya byose ku bicuruzwa byiza bitumizwa mu mahanga bya gaze, kandi bitandukanye na Amerika, Ubuyapani n'Uburayi, nta masosiyete akomeye ya gaze afite ashobora kongera umusaruro. Umwaka ushize, Samsung yarushije Intel muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kuba ikigo kinini ku isi mu gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Ibihugu ubu birimo kwihatira kongera ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gukora chips nyuma y'imyaka ibiri icyorezo kibaye, bigatuma bihura n'ibibazo bikomeye mu miyoboro y'ibikoresho ku isi.
Intel yatanze inkunga yo gufasha guverinoma ya Amerika kandi mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka yatangaje ko izashora miliyari 20 z'amadolari mu nganda ebyiri nshya. Umwaka ushize, Samsung yanasezeranye kubaka uruganda rwa miliyari 17 z'amadolari muri Texas. Kongera umusaruro wa chips bishobora gutuma hakenerwa gaze nziza cyane. Mu gihe Uburusiya bubangamiye ko bushobora kugabanya ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, Ubushinwa bushobora kuba bumwe mu bwatsindiye byinshi, kuko bufite ubushobozi bwinshi kandi bushya bwo gukora. Kuva mu 2015, Ubushinwa bwatangiye gushora imari mu nganda zabwo za semiconductor, harimo n'ibikoresho bikenewe kugira ngo hatandukanye gaze nziza n'ibindi bicuruzwa by'inganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-23-2022
