Heliyumuni imwe muri gaze nke zoroshye kurusha umwuka. Ikirenzeho, ntihinduka cyane, nta ibara, nta mpumuro kandi nta kibazo, bityo ni amahitamo meza cyane kuyikoresha mu guturitsa balloons zigenda zonyine.

Ubu heliyumu ikunze kwitwa "gas rare earth" cyangwa "golden gaz".Heliyumuakenshi ifatwa nk'umutungo kamere wonyine udasubira ku Isi. Uko ukoresha byinshi, niko ugira bike, kandi ufite uburyo bwinshi bwo kuwukoresha.

Ikibazo gishimishije rero ni iki, heliyumu ikoreshwa iki kandi kuki idasubiramo?

Heliyumu y'isi ituruka he?

Heliyumuiza ku mwanya wa kabiri mu mbonerahamwe y’ibintu. Mu by’ukuri, ni na yo ngingo ya kabiri iboneka cyane mu isanzure, ikaba iya kabiri nyuma ya hydrogen gusa, ariko heliyumu koko ni nke cyane ku Isi.

Ibi biterwa nukoheliyumuifite valensi ya zeru kandi ntigira ingaruka za shimi mu bihe byose bisanzwe. Akenshi iba gusa mu ishusho ya heliyumu (He) n'imyuka yayo ya isotope.

Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko ari umucyo cyane, iyo imaze kugaragara ku isi mu ishusho ya gaze, izahita ihungira mu kirere byoroshye aho kuguma ku isi. Nyuma y'imyaka amagana ya miliyoni nyinshi ihunga, hasigaye heliyumu nke cyane ku Isi, ariko ubu heliyumu iri mu kirere ishobora kugumana ibice bigera kuri 5.2 kuri miliyoni.

Ibi biterwa nuko lithosphere y'Isi izakomeza gutangaheliyumukugira ngo igarure icyuho cyayo cyo gutoroka. Nkuko twabivuze mbere, heliyumu ubusanzwe ntigira ingaruka za shimi, none se ikorwa ite?

Heliyumu nyinshi ku Isi ni umusaruro w’ibora ry’imirasire, cyane cyane ibora rya uranium na thorium. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo gukora heliyumu muri iki gihe. Ntidushobora gukora heliyumu mu buryo bw’ubukorano binyuze mu bikorwa bya shimi. Heliyumu nyinshi ikorwa no kwangirika karemano izinjira mu kirere, igumana ingano ya heliyumu mu gihe ikomeza gutakaza, ariko imwe muri yo izafungwa na lithosphere. Heliyumu ifunze ikunze kuvangwa na gaze karemano, amaherezo igatunganywa n’abantu.

Heliyumu ikoreshwa iki?

Heliyumu ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gushonga no gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibi biyiranga bituma ikoreshwa mu bintu byinshi nko gusudira, gukanda no gusukura, byose bikunda gukoresha heliyumu.

Ariko, ni iki mu by'ukuri gitumaheliyumu"Gazi ya zahabu" ni yo iri hasi cyane mu kubira. Ubushyuhe bw'ingenzi n'ubushyuhe bwa heliyumu y'amazi ni 5.20K na 4.125K, biri hafi ya zeru rwose kandi biri hasi cyane mu bintu byose.

Ibi bitumaheliyumu y'amaziikoreshwa cyane mu gukonjesha no gukonjesha superconductors.

Hari ibintu bigaragaza ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo buhanitse ku bushyuhe bwa azote y’amazi, ariko hari ibintu bisaba ubushyuhe buke. Bigomba gukoresha heliyumu y’amazi kandi ntibishobora gusimburwa. Urugero, ibikoresho bitwara ibintu mu buryo buhanitse bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bipima magnetic resonance na Hadron Collider nini y’i Burayi byose bikonjeshwa na heliyumu y’amazi.

Isosiyete yacu irimo gutekereza kwinjira mu murima wa heliyumu y'amazi, nyamuneka komeza ukurikirane.