Muri Nyakanga 2022, abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abashakashatsi bapimye prototype ya Venus mu butayu bwa Black Rock mu butayu bwa Nevada.

Nubushyuhe bukabije hamwe nigitutu cyinshi, ubuso bwa Venusi bwanga kandi butababarira. Mubyukuri, iperereza ryagezeyo kugeza ubu rimaze amasaha make gusa. Ariko hashobora kubaho ubundi buryo bwo gucukumbura iyi si iteje akaga kandi ishimishije irenze izenguruka, izenguruka izuba gusa ibuye riva ku isi. Ngiyo ballon. Laboratoire ya Jet ya NASA (JPL) i Pasadena, muri Calif.

Abashakashatsi bakoresheje prototype yikigereranyo, verisiyo yagabanutse ya ballon yashoboraga rwose umunsi umwe kunyura mu bicu byuzuye bya Venusi.

Indege ya mbere ya Venus balloon prototype yindege

Biteganijwe ko Venus Aerobot ifite uburebure bwa metero 12 z'uburebure, hafi 2/3 by'ubunini bwa prototype.

Itsinda ry'abahanga n'abashakashatsi bo muri JPL na Near Space Corporation i Tillamook, Oregon, bakoze indege yikizamini. Intsinzi yabo yerekana ko imipira ya Venusiya igomba kubaho mu kirere cyuzuye cyiyi si ituranye. Kuri Venus, ballon izaguruka ku butumburuke bwa kilometero 55 hejuru yubuso. Guhuza ubushyuhe n'ubucucike bw'ikirere cya Venusi mu kizamini, itsinda ryazamuye ballon yikizamini ku butumburuke bwa kilometero 1.

Muburyo bwose, ballon yitwara nkuko yateguwe. Jacob Izraelevitz, Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe iperereza ku kizamini cy’indege cya JPL, Impuguke mu bya robo, yagize ati: "Twishimiye cyane imikorere ya prototype. Yatangije, yerekana uburyo bwo kugenzura ubutumburuke, kandi twasubije mu buryo bwiza nyuma y’indege zombi. Twanditse amakuru menshi muri izo ndege kandi dutegereje kuzayakoresha kugira ngo tunonosore icyitegererezo cyacu mbere yo gushakisha umubumbe wa mushiki wacu.

Paul Byrne wo muri kaminuza ya Washington i St. Louis akaba n'umufatanyabikorwa w’ubumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima byo mu kirere yongeyeho ati: “Intsinzi y’izi ndege y’ibizamini isobanura byinshi kuri twe: Twerekanye neza ikoranabuhanga rikenewe kugira ngo dukore iperereza ku gicu cya Venusi. Ibi bizamini byashizeho urufatiro rw’ukuntu dushobora gukora ubushakashatsi bw’imashini za robo igihe kirekire hejuru y’ikuzimu.

Urugendo mumuyaga wa Venusi

None se kuki imipira? NASA irashaka kwiga akarere k'ikirere cya Venus kiri hasi cyane kugirango orbiter idasesengura. Bitandukanye na ba nyir'ubutaka, biturika mu masaha, imipira irashobora kureremba mu muyaga ibyumweru cyangwa n'amezi, ikagenda iva iburasirazuba igana iburengerazuba. Umupira urashobora kandi guhindura ubutumburuke buri hagati ya metero 171.000 na 203.000 (kilometero 52 kugeza 62) hejuru yubuso.

Ariko, robot ziguruka ntabwo zonyine. Ikorana na orbiter hejuru yikirere cya Venusi. Usibye gukora ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ballon inakora nk'itumanaho ryitumanaho na orbiter.

Imipira mu mipira

Abashakashatsi bavuze ko prototype ahanini ari "ballon iri muri ballon". Kotswa igitutuheliumyuzuza ikigega cy'imbere. Hagati aho, imipira yoroheje ya helium ballon irashobora kwaguka no kwandura. Imipira irashobora kandi kuzamuka hejuru cyangwa kugwa hasi. Irabikora ifashijwe naheliumimyanda. Niba itsinda ryubutumwa ryashakaga kuzamura ballon, bahitaga helium kuva mubigega byimbere kugeza kuri ballon yo hanze. Gushyira ballon mu mwanya, iheliumisubizwa mu kigega. Ibi bitera ballon yo hanze kugabanuka no gutakaza buoyancy.

Ibidukikije byangirika

Ku butumburuke buteganijwe bwa kilometero 55 hejuru yubuso bwa Venusi, ubushyuhe ntabwo bumeze nabi kandi umuvuduko wikirere ntukomeye. Ariko iki gice cyikirere cya Venus kiracyafite ubukana, kuko ibicu byuzuye ibitonyanga bya acide sulfurike. Kugirango dufashe guhangana nibidukikije byangirika, injeniyeri yubatse ballon kuva mubice byinshi byibikoresho. Ibikoresho birimo aside irwanya aside, metallisation kugirango igabanye ubushyuhe bwizuba, nigice cyimbere gikomeza gukomera bihagije kugirango gitware ibikoresho bya siyansi. Ndetse na kashe irwanya aside. Ibizamini byindege byagaragaje ko ibikoresho nubwubatsi bwa ballon bigomba no gukora kuri Venus. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu kurokoka kwa Venus biragoye kubikora, kandi imbaraga zo gufata neza twerekanye mugutangiza kwa Nevada no gukira biduha icyizere cyo kwizerwa kwimipira yacu kuri Venusi.

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, abahanga naba injeniyeri bamwe basabye imipira nkuburyo bwo gushakisha Venusi. Ibi birashobora guhita biba impamo. Ishusho binyuze muri NASA.

Siyanse mu kirere cya Venusi

Abahanga batanga imipira yo gukora ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwa siyansi. Muri byo harimo gushakisha amajwi mu kirere cyakozwe na nyamugigima ya Venusiya. Bimwe mubisesengura bishimishije bizaba bigize ikirere ubwacyo.Dioxyde de Carbonekigize igice kinini cyikirere cya Venusi, kongerera ingufu parike ya parike yatumye Venusi ikuzimu hejuru. Isesengura rishya rishobora gutanga ibimenyetso byingenzi byerekana uko byagenze. Mubyukuri, abahanga bavuga ko mugihe cyambere, Venus yahoze imeze nkisi. None byagenze bite?

Birumvikana ko kuva abahanga bavuga ko fosifine yavumbuwe mu kirere cya Venusi mu 2020, ikibazo cy’ubuzima bushoboka mu bicu bya Venusi cyongeye gushimisha. Inkomoko ya fosifine ntishoboka, kandi ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe buracyibaza kubaho. Ariko ubutumwa bwa ballon nkibi byaba byiza gusesengura byimbitse ibicu ndetse wenda ukanamenya mikorobe iyo ari yo yose. Inshingano za Ballon nkiyi zishobora gufasha guhishura amwe mumabanga ateye urujijo kandi atoroshye.