Abahanga mu bya siyansi n'aba injeniyeri bagerageje imbunda ya Venus mu butayu bwa Black Rock muri Nevada muri Nyakanga 2022. Iyi modoka yari yagabanutse yarangije ingendo ebyiri za mbere z'igerageza.

Kubera ubushyuhe bukabije n'umuvuduko ukabije, ubuso bwa Venus ni bubi kandi ntibugira icyo butanga. Mu by'ukuri, imashini zipima zagezeyo kugeza ubu zimaze amasaha make gusa. Ariko hashobora kubaho ubundi buryo bwo gushakisha iyi si iteje akaga kandi ishimishije uretse ikirere, kizenguruka izuba hafi y'Isi. Niyo balloon. Laboratwari ya Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ya NASA i Pasadena, muri Calif., yatangaje ku ya 10 Ukwakira 2022 ko balloon ya roboti yo mu kirere, imwe mu ngero zayo za roboti zo mu kirere, yarangije ingendo ebyiri z'igeragezwa i Nevada.

Abashakashatsi bakoresheje ikizamini cy’igerageza, ubwoko bw’ibaluni yagabanutse ishobora kuzanyura mu bicu birebire bya Venus.

Igeragezwa ry'indege ya mbere y'imbunda ya Venus

Imashini ya Venus Aerobot iteganyijwe ifite umurambararo wa metero 12, ingano yayo ikaba ingana na 2/3 by'ingano y'imashini isanzwe.

Itsinda ry'abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abatekinisiye bo muri JPL na Near Space Corporation i Tillamook, muri leta ya Oregon, ni bo bakoze urugendo rw'igerageza. Intsinzi yabo igaragaza ko amabaluni ya Venus agomba kuba ashobora kubaho mu kirere cyuzuye cy'iyi si duturanye. Kuri Venus, ibaluni izaguruka ku butumburuke bwa kilometero 55 uvuye ku buso. Kugira ngo ihuze ubushyuhe n'ubucucike bw'ikirere cya Venus mu igerageza, itsinda ryazamuye ibaluni y'igerageza ku butumburuke bwa kilometero 1.

Mu buryo bwose, iki gipira cyitwara uko cyateguwe. Jacob Izraelevitz, Umushakashatsi Mukuru w’Ikizamini cy’Indege cya JPL, Impuguke mu bya Robotike, yagize ati: “Twishimiye cyane imikorere y’iki gishushanyo mbonera. Cyatangiye, kigaragaza uburyo bwo kugenzura uburebure, kandi twakigaruriye mu buryo bwiza nyuma y’ingendo zombi. Twanditse amakuru menshi yavuye muri izi ngendo kandi twiteguye kugikoresha mu kunoza imiterere yacu yo kwigana mbere yo gusuzuma umubumbe wacu.

Paul Byrne wo muri Kaminuza ya Washington i St. Louis akaba n'umufatanyabikorwa mu bumenyi bw'amarobo mu by'indege yongeyeho ati: “Intsinzi y'izi ngendo z'igerageza irasobanuye byinshi kuri twe: Twagaragaje neza ikoranabuhanga rikenewe mu gusuzuma igicu cya Venus. Ibi bizamini bishyiraho urufatiro rw'uburyo dushobora gutuma roboti zikora ubushakashatsi bw'igihe kirekire ku buso bwa Venus buteye ubwoba.

Ingendo mu miyaga ya Venus

None se kuki balune? NASA irashaka kwiga agace k'ikirere cya Venus kari hasi cyane ku buryo ikirere kidashobora gusesengura. Bitandukanye n'ibintu bigwa mu kirere, biguruka mu masaha make, balune zishobora kureremba mu muyaga mu gihe cy'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi, ziva iburasirazuba zijya iburengerazuba. Balune ishobora kandi guhindura uburebure bwayo buri hagati ya metero 171.000 na kilometero 52 kugeza 62 uvuye hejuru y'ubuso.

Ariko, robo ziguruka ntiziri zonyine rwose. Zikorana n'ikirahure kiri hejuru y'ikirere cya Venus. Uretse gukora igerageza rya siyansi, iki kirahure kinakora nk'uburyo bwo gutumanaho n'ikirahure kiri hagati y'ikirahure.

Amabaluni mu mabaluni

Abashakashatsi bavuze ko iyi prototype ari "ibaluni iri mu ibaraza."heliyumuyuzuza ikigega cy'imbere gikomeye. Hagati aho, ibara ry'inyuma rya helium rishobora kwaguka no gufunga. Ibara ry'inyuma rishobora kandi kuzamuka hejuru cyangwa kumanuka hasi. Ibi bibikora hifashishijweheliyumuimiyoboro y'umwuka. Iyo itsinda ry'intumwa ryashakaga kuzamura umupira, ryasohoraga helium mu kigega cy'imbere riwushyira mu umupira wo hanze. Kugira ngo umupira wongere ushyirwe mu mwanya wawo,heliyumuisubizwa mu kigega. Ibi bituma ipuleti yo hanze igabanuka kandi igatakaza ubushobozi bwo kuzenguruka.

Ibidukikije byangiza

Ku butumburuke bwateganijwe bwa kilometero 55 uvuye ku buso bwa Venus, ubushyuhe ntabwo bukabije cyane kandi igitutu cy’ikirere ntabwo gikomeye cyane. Ariko iki gice cy’ikirere cya Venus kiracyari gikaze cyane, kuko ibicu byuzuyemo ibitonyanga bya aside sulfurike. Kugira ngo bifashe kwihanganira iki kibazo cyangiza, injeniyeri zubatse ballon mu byiciro byinshi by’ibikoresho. Ibikoresho bifite irangi rirwanya aside, icyuma gikoreshwa mu kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’izuba, n’urwego rw’imbere ruguma rukomeye bihagije kugira ngo rutware ibikoresho bya siyansi. Ndetse n’udupfukamunwa turwanya aside. Ibizamini byo mu kirere byagaragaje ko ibikoresho n’iyubakwa ry’allon bigomba no gukora kuri Venus. Ibikoresho byakoreshejwe kugira ngo Venus ikomeze kubaho biragoye kubikora, kandi uburyo bukomeye bwo kuyitwara twagaragaje mu iraswa ryacu rya Nevada no kuyigarura biduha icyizere cy’uko ballon zacu kuri Venus zizagumaho.

Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, abahanga mu bya siyansi n'abahanga bagiye batanga ibitekerezo ku mipira nk'uburyo bwo gushakisha Venusi. Ibi bishobora kuba impamo vuba. Ishusho inyuze kuri NASA.

Ubumenyi mu kirere cya Venus

Abahanga mu bya siyansi batanga ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu bushakashatsi butandukanye bwa siyansi. Muri ibyo harimo gushakisha amajwi mu kirere aterwa n'imitingito ya Venus. Bimwe mu bipimo bishimishije cyane bizaba ari imiterere y'ikirere ubwacyo.Dioxyde de carboneNi byo bigize igice kinini cy’ikirere cya Venus, bigatera imbaraga ingaruka z’ubushyuhe bwateye Venus kuba mbi cyane. Isesengura rishya rishobora gutanga ibimenyetso by’ingenzi ku buryo ibi byabaye. Mu by’ukuri, abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko mu minsi ya mbere, Venus yari isa cyane n’Isi. None se byagenze bite?

Birumvikana ko kuva abahanga mu bya siyansi batangaza ko fosfini yavumbuwe mu kirere cya Venus mu 2020, ikibazo cy'ubuzima bushoboka mu bicu bya Venus cyabyukije amatsiko. Inkomoko ya fosfini ntabwo irasobanutse neza, kandi hari ubushakashatsi bugishidikanya ku kubaho kwayo. Ariko ingendo z'amabaluni nk'aya zaba nziza mu gusesengura byimbitse ibicu ndetse wenda no kumenya mikorobe iyo ari yo yose mu buryo butaziguye. Inshingano z'amabaluni nk'aya zishobora gufasha mu guhishura zimwe mu mabanga ateye urujijo kandi agoye cyane.