Mu binyejana byashize byatewe na karubone no kutabogama kwa karubone, ibihugu byo ku isi birashakisha byimazeyo igisekuru kizaza cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu, n'icyatsiammoniairagenda yibandwaho kwisi yose vuba aha. Ugereranije na hydrogène, ammonia iraguka kuva mu murima w’ifumbire mvaruganda gakondo ikajya mu murima w'ingufu kubera ibyiza bigaragara mu kubika no gutwara.

Faria, impuguke muri kaminuza ya Twente mu Buholandi, yavuze ko hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya karubone, ammonia y’icyatsi ishobora kuba umwami w’ibicanwa by’amazi.

None, ammonia y'icyatsi ni iki? Iterambere ryaryo rihagaze rite? Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusaba? Nubukungu?

Icyatsi kibisi hamwe niterambere ryacyo

Hydrogen nigikoresho nyamukuru kuriammoniaumusaruro. Kubwibyo, ukurikije imyuka myuka itandukanye ya karubone mugikorwa cya hydrogène, ammonia nayo irashobora gushyirwa mubyiciro bine bikurikira ukurikije ibara:

Icyatsiammonia: Yakozwe mu mbaraga gakondo z’ibimera (gaze gasanzwe namakara).

Amoniya yubururu: hydrogène nto ikurwa mu bicanwa by’ibinyabuzima, ariko gufata karubone hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubika bikoreshwa mu gutunganya.

Amoniya yubururu-icyatsi: Inzira ya metani pyrolysis ibora metani muri hydrogène na karubone. Hydrogen yagaruwe mubikorwa ikoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo kugirango itange ammonia ikoresheje amashanyarazi yicyatsi.

Icyatsi kibisi: Amashanyarazi yicyatsi atangwa ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu nkumuyaga ningufu zizuba zikoreshwa mugukoresha amashanyarazi kugirango habeho hydrogène, hanyuma ammonia ikomatanyirizwa muri azote na hydrogène mukirere.

Kubera ko ammonia yicyatsi itanga azote namazi nyuma yo gutwikwa, kandi ntibitange karuboni ya dioxyde, ammonia yicyatsi ifatwa nka lisansi "zero-karubone" nimwe mumasoko akomeye yingufu zisukuye mugihe kizaza.

Icyatsi kibisiammoniaisoko riracyari mu ntangiriro. Urebye ku isi hose, ingano y’isoko ry’icyatsi kibisi igera kuri miliyoni 36 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu 2021 bikaba biteganijwe ko izagera kuri miliyari 5.48 z’amadolari ya Amerika mu 2030, ikigereranyo cyo kwiyongera ku mwaka ku kigereranyo cya 74.8%, kikaba gifite amahirwe menshi. Yundao Capital iteganya ko umusaruro ngarukamwaka ku isi wa ammonia w’icyatsi uzarenga toni miliyoni 20 mu 2030 ukarenga toni miliyoni 560 mu 2050, ukaba urenga 80% by’umusaruro w’amoni ku isi.

Kugeza muri Nzeri 2023, imishinga yo mu bwoko bwa amoniya irenga 60 yoherejwe ku isi hose, ikaba iteganijwe kuzatanga umusaruro urenga toni zisaga miliyoni 35 / ku mwaka. Imishinga yo mu mahanga icyatsi kibisi ikwirakwizwa cyane muri Ositaraliya, Amerika yepfo, Uburayi no muburasirazuba bwo hagati.

Kuva mu 2024, inganda zo mu bwoko bwa ammonia zo mu gihugu mu Bushinwa zateye imbere vuba. Dukurikije imibare ituzuye, kuva 2024, imishinga irenga 20 ya hydrogène ammonia yicyatsi yazamuwe. Itsinda ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Envision, Ubwubatsi bw’ingufu mu Bushinwa, Ikigo cy’ishoramari cya Leta gishinzwe ingufu, Itsinda ry’ingufu za Leta, n’ibindi byashoye miliyari 200 z'amadorari mu guteza imbere imishinga y’icyatsi kibisi, izasohoza ingufu nyinshi z’amoni y’icyatsi kibisi mu gihe kiri imbere.

Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyatsi bibisi

Nimbaraga zisukuye, ammonia yicyatsi ifite ibintu bitandukanye byo gukoresha mugihe kizaza. Usibye imikoreshereze gakondo y’ubuhinzi n’inganda, ikubiyemo cyane cyane kuvanga amashanyarazi, lisansi yoherejwe, gutunganya karubone, kubika hydrogène n’indi mirima.

1. Inganda zo kohereza

Umwuka wa karuboni uva mu kohereza bingana na 3% kugeza 4% by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Muri 2018, Umuryango mpuzamahanga wo mu nyanja wafashe ingamba zibanza zo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, usaba ko mu 2030, imyuka yoherezwa mu kirere ku isi izagabanuka nibura 40% ugereranije na 2008, kandi iharanira kugabanya 70% muri 2050. Kugira ngo kugirango ugabanye kugabanya karubone na decarbonisiyasi mu nganda zohereza ibicuruzwa, ibicanwa bisukuye bisimbuza ingufu za fosile nuburyo bwa tekinike butanga ikizere.

Muri rusange bizera mu nganda zitwara abantu ko ammonia icyatsi ari kimwe mu bicanwa nyamukuru bya decarbonisation mu nganda zitwara abantu mu bihe biri imbere.

Igitabo cya Lloyd cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa cyigeze guhanura ko hagati ya 2030 na 2050, igipimo cya ammonia nka lisansi yoherezwa kiziyongera kiva kuri 7% kigere kuri 20%, gisimbuze gaze gasanzwe y’amazi n’ibindi bicanwa kugira ngo bibe lisansi ikomeye yo kohereza.

Inganda zitanga ingufu

Amoniyagutwikwa ntabwo bitanga CO2, kandi ivangwa rya amoniya rishobora gukoresha ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi bihari bikoreshwa n’amakara nta gihindutse ku mubiri. Ni ingamba zifatika zo kugabanya imyuka ya gaze karuboni mu mashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amakara.

Ku ya 15 Nyakanga, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe iterambere n’ivugurura n’ubuyobozi bw’igihugu gishinzwe ingufu basohoye “Gahunda y’ibikorwa byo guhindura karuboni nkeya no kubaka ingufu z’amakara (2024-2027)”, ivuga ko nyuma yo guhindura no kubaka, amashanyarazi y’amakara agomba kugira ubushobozi bwo kuvanga hejuru ya 10% ya ammonia yicyatsi no gutwika amakara. Urwego rwo gukoresha no gusohora imyuka ya karubone rwaragabanutse cyane. Birashobora kugaragara ko kuvanga ammonia cyangwa ammonia yuzuye mumashanyarazi yumuriro nicyerekezo cyingenzi cya tekinike yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mumashanyarazi.

Ubuyapani niterambere ryambere rya ammonia ivanze no gutwika amashanyarazi. Ubuyapani bwateguye “2021-2050 Ubuyapani Ammonia Fuel Roadmap” mu 2021, kandi buzarangiza kwerekana no kugenzura amavuta ya amoniya avanze 20% mu mashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi mu 2025; uko tekinoroji ya amoniya ivanze ikuze, iki gipimo kiziyongera kugera kuri 50%; ahagana mu 2040, hazubakwa urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa amoniya.

3. Gutwara hydrogène

Amoniya ikoreshwa nk'ububiko bwa hydrogène, kandi ikeneye kunyura mu nzira ya synthesis ya ammonia, kuyungurura, gutwara, no kongera gukuramo hydrogène. Inzira yose yo guhindura ammonia-hydrogen irakuze.

Kugeza ubu, hari inzira esheshatu zingenzi zo kubika no gutwara hydrogène: kubika no gutwara ibintu byumuvuduko ukabije wa gari ya moshi, gutwara imiyoboro ya gaze ya gaze itwarwa n’ubwikorezi, kubika amazi ya hydrogène yo mu bushyuhe bwo hasi no gutwara, kubika ibinyabuzima byamazi no gutwara, kubika amoniya y’amazi no gutwara, hamwe nicyuma ububiko bukomeye bwa hydrogène no gutwara. Muri byo, kubika amoniya no gutwara no gutwara ni ugukuramo hydrogène binyuze muri synthesis ya amoniya, kuyungurura, gutwara, no kuyisubiramo. Amoniya itangwa kuri -33 ° C cyangwa 1MPa. Igiciro cya hydrogenation / dehydrogenation irenga 85%. Ntabwo yunvikana intera yubwikorezi kandi irakwiriye kubika intera ndende no kure no gutwara hydrogène nyinshi, cyane cyane ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja. Nimwe muburyo butanga ikizere cyo kubika hydrogène no gutwara abantu mugihe kizaza.

4. Ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi

Nkifumbire mvaruganda ya azote nicyatsi kibisi cyimiti yicyatsi, icyatsiammoniabizateza imbere cyane iterambere ryihuse ry "icyatsi kibisi + ifumbire mvaruganda" n "" icyatsi kibisi ".

Ugereranije na ammoniya yubukorikori ikozwe mu mbaraga z’ibinyabuzima, biteganijwe ko ammonia yicyatsi itazashobora gukora irushanwa ryiza nkibikoresho fatizo byimiti mbere ya 2035.