Amoniya (NH3)

Ibipimo bya tekiniki

Amoniya y'amazi, izwi kandi nka anhidrous ammonia, ni amazi atagira ibara afite impumuro nziza kandi yangirika.Nkibikoresho byingenzi byimiti, ammonia isanzwe ikoreshwa kugirango ibone ammonia yamazi mukanda cyangwa gukonjesha amoniya ya gaze kugirango byoroherezwe gutwara no kubika.Amoniya y'amazi irashobora gushonga byoroshye mumazi, kandi ikora amonium ion NH4 + na hydroxide ion OH- nyuma yo gushonga mumazi.Igisubizo ni alkaline.Amoniya y'amazi ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, irashobora kwangirika kandi yoroshye guhindagurika, bityo impanuka zayo z’imiti ni nyinshi cyane.Ammonia y'amazi ni ibisanzwe bikoreshwa mu buhinzi-mwimerere bidafite amazi, kandi bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo bya firigo n'inganda.Ikoreshwa mugukora ifumbire, ibisasu, plastike na fibre chimique.Icyuma-amazi ya ammonia igisubizo gifite imbaraga zo kugabanya kandi gikoreshwa cyane muri synthesis organique na organic.Bikunze gukoreshwa muguhuza ibyuma byinzibacyuho hamwe na okiside nkeya.Muri chimie organic, sodium-fluid ammonia yumuti ikoreshwa muburyo bwo kugabanya Birch kugirango igabanye impeta yimpumuro ya sisitemu ya cyclohexadiene.Amazi ya ammonia yumuti wa sodium cyangwa ibindi byuma nabyo birashobora kugabanya alkine kugirango itange trans-olefine.Mu nganda zikora imiti, ammonia yamazi nimwe mubikoresho fatizo byo gukora urea.Muri icyo gihe, kubera imiterere yihariye y’imiti, ikoreshwa neza mu nganda ziciriritse n’inganda.Amoniya y'amazi abikwa cyane muri silinderi idashobora kwihanganira igitutu cyangwa ibyuma, kandi ntishobora kubana na acetaldehyde, acrolein, boron nibindi bintu.Amashanyarazi ya amoniya agomba kubikwa mububiko cyangwa kuri platifomu.Iyo ushyize mu kirere, bigomba gutwikirwa ihema kugirango birinde izuba ryinshi.Amashanyarazi hamwe namakamyo yikamyo atwara amoniya yamazi agomba kurindwa ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gutwara, kandi birabujijwe cyane.

Gusaba:

1. Ifumbire mvaruganda:
Amoniya y'amazi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora aside nitric, urea n'ifumbire mvaruganda.
 
2. Ibikoresho bibisi:
Irashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho fatizo muri farumasi nudukoko.
 
3. Gukora roketi, moteri ya misile:
Mu nganda zo kwirwanaho, zikoreshwa mu gukora roketi, moteri ya misile.
 
4. Firigo:
Irashobora gukoreshwa nka firigo.
 
5. Kurangiza imyenda yimyenda:
Ammonia ya Liquid irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugihe cyo kurangiza imyenda.

Ingano yububiko:

Ibyiza:

1. Uruganda rwacu rutanga NH3 bivuye mubikoresho byiza byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, usibye igiciro gihenze.
2. NH3 ikorwa nyuma yinshuro nyinshi uburyo bwo kweza no gukosorwa muruganda rwacu. Sisitemu yo kugenzura kumurongo yishingira isuku ya gaze buri cyiciro.Ibicuruzwa byarangiye bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge.
3. Mugihe cyo kuzuza, silinderi igomba kubanza gukama igihe kirekire (byibuze 16hrs), hanyuma tugahindura vacuum, amaherezo tukayimura hamwe na gaze yumwimerere. Ubu buryo bwose bwerekana neza ko gaze isukuye muri silinderi.
4. Tumaze imyaka myinshi mubuzima bwa gazi, uburambe bukomeye mubikorwa byohereza no kohereza hanze reka twizere abakiriya, banyurwa na serivise kandi baduha ibitekerezo byiza.