Uyu munsi dutekereza ku maziheliyumunk'ikintu gikonje cyane ku isi. None se ni cyo gihe cyo kongera kumusuzuma?

Ibura rya helium riri kuza

Heliyumuni cyo kintu cya kabiri gikunze kugaragara mu isanzure, none se ni gute hashobora kubaho ibura? Ushobora kuvuga kimwe kuri hydrogen, ikunze kugaragara cyane. Hashobora kuba hari byinshi biri hejuru, ariko si byinshi biri munsi. Dore icyo dukeneye.HeliyumuSi isoko rinini cyane. Igikenewe ku isi buri mwaka kibarirwa muri metero kibe miliyari 6 (Bcf) cyangwa metero kibe miliyoni 170 (m3). Biragoye kumenya igiciro cy’ubu, kuko igiciro gikunze kuganirwaho n’amasezerano hagati y’umuguzi n’umugurisha, ariko Cliff Cain, Umuyobozi Mukuru wa sosiyete ikora ubujyanama ku byuka bidasanzwe Edelgas Group, yatanze umubare w’amadolari 1800/miliyoni metero kibe (mcf). Edgar Group yiga ku isoko kandi ikagira inama amasosiyete menshi akorera ku isoko. Isoko rusange ku isi ry’amazi.heliyumumu bwinshi bushobora kuba miliyari 3 z'amadolari.

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, icyifuzo kiracyariyongera, cyane cyane mu buvuzi, siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'urwego rw'indege, kandi "kizakomeza kwiyongera", nk'uko Cain yabitangaje.Heliyumuifite ubucucike bungana n'umwuka inshuro ndwi. Gusimbuza umwuka muri disiki ikomeye naheliyumubishobora kugabanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere, kandi disiki ishobora kuzunguruka neza, bityo disiki nyinshi zishobora gushyirwa mu mwanya muto kandi zigakoresha ingufu nke.HeliyumuDisiki zikomeye zuzuye zongera ubushobozi bwazo ku kigero cya 50% n'ingufu zikoreshwa neza ku kigero cya 23%. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibigo byinshi by’amakuru byujuje ubuziranenge ubu bikoresha disiki zikomeye zuzuye heliyumu. Ikoreshwa kandi ku bikoresho bisoma barcode, utumashini twa mudasobwa, semiconductors, panels za LCD, na fibre optique.

Urundi rwego rurimo gukura vuba rurimo gukoresha amafaranga menshiheliyumu, ari na yo nganda zikora mu isanzure. Heliyumu ikoreshwa mu matangi ya lisansi yo gukoresha roketi, satelite na particle accelerators. Ubucucike bwayo buke bivuze ko ishobora no gukoreshwa mu koga mu nyanja nini, ariko ikoreshwa ryayo ry'ingenzi ni nk'icyuma gikonjesha, cyane cyane ku makuru ari muri MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Igomba kubikwa hafi ya zeru rwose kugira ngo igumane imiterere ya quantum ya magnets idatakaje ubushobozi bwayo. Imashini isanzwe ya MRI ikenera litiro 2000 z'amazi.heliyumuUmwaka ushize, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zakoze ibizamini bya magnetic resonance bigera kuri miliyoni 38. Forbes yemera koheliyumuibura rishobora kuba ari ryo cyorezo gikurikiraho cy’ubuvuzi ku isi.

“Bitewe n'akamaro k'ishusho ya magnetic resonance mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi,heliyumuIbibazo by’ingorabahizi bigomba kuba inkingi y’ingenzi ku banyapolitiki, abashyiraho politiki, abaganga, abarwayi n’abaturage kugira ngo baganire kandi bashake ibisubizo birambye.heliyumuni ikibazo gikomeye, kigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye kuri twese.”

N'amabara y'ibirori.

Igiciro cya helium kiziyongera

Niba uri ikigo cy’indege gifite ubucuruzi bushingiye ku kohereza ibyogajuru mu kirere, cyangwa uruganda rwa MRI rufite ubucuruzi bushingiye ku kugurisha imashini za MRI, ntuzarekaheliyumuUbukene bubangamira ubucuruzi bwawe. Ntuzahagarika umusaruro. Uzishyura ikiguzi icyo ari cyo cyose gikenewe kandi utange ikiguzi. Terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa n'ibindi byose bikenewe mu buzima bwa noneheliyumuNta kintu na kimwe cyasimbura heliyumu, iyo bitabaho twasubira mu gihe cy'amabuye.

Heliyumuni umusaruro ukomoka ku gutunganya gaze karemano. Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (ifite hafi 40% by'ingufu zitangwa), igakurikirwa na Qatar, Alijeriya n'Uburusiya. Ariko, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za AmerikaheliyumuReserve, isoko rinini rya helium ku isi mu myaka 70 ishize, iherutse guhagarika gutanga. Isosiyete irimo kurekura abakozi, kandi igitutu cyari kiri mu nzira cyararekuwe. Iyo hakenewe psi 1200 kugira ngo hakorwe, igitutu ubu ni psi 700. Nibura mu buryo bw'imitekerereze, sisitemu iri kugurishwa ubu.

Izi nyandiko zahuye n'ibibazo byatinze muri White House, bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo bikemuke. Nta soko tuzabona kugeza igihe bizakemurirwa. Abaguzi bashobora kuba bakwiriye kandi kumenya ibicuruzwa byanduye n'imanza zigikomeje. Itangwa ry'ibicuruzwa bininiheliyumuUruganda rushya rwubatswe na Gazprom i Amur, mu burasirazuba bw'Uburusiya, narwo rwarafunzwe, kandi birashoboka ko nta musaruro uzakorwa mbere y'uko umwaka wa 2023 urangira, kuko rwishingikiriza ku bahanga bo mu Burengerazuba bw'Isi, badashaka kohereza abakozi mu Burusiya muri iki gihe.

Uko byagenda kose, bizagorana ku Burusiya kugurisha hanze y'Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya. Mu by'ukuri, Uburusiya bufite ubushobozi bwo kuba ikigo kinini ku isi mu bucuruzi bw'ibikomoka ku bimera - ariko ubu ni Uburusiya. Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, Qatar yafunzwe inshuro ebyiri. Nubwo yongeye gufungura, muri make, twahuye n'ikibazo cyitwa helium deficit 4.0, kikaba ari ikibazo cya kane ku isi cy'ibura rya helium kuva mu 2006.

Amahirwe mu nganda za helium

Nkuko bimeze kuriheliyumuIbura rya 1.0, 2.0 na 3.0, ihagarara ry'ibicuruzwa mu nganda nto naryo ryateje impungenge. Ibura rya helium 4.0 ni ugukomeza kwa 2.0 na 3.0 gusa. Muri make, isi ikeneye isoko rishya ryaheliyumuUmuti ni ugushora imari mu bahanga n'abateza imbere helium bashobora gukora. Hari benshi bo hanze, ariko kimwe n'ibigo byose by'umutungo kamere, 75% by'abantu bazatsindwa.