Uyu munsi turatekereza kumaziheliumnkibintu bikonje cyane kwisi. Ubu ni igihe cyo kongera kumusuzuma?

Ibura rya helium

Heliumnikintu cya kabiri gikunze kugaragara mubisanzure, none nigute habaho kubura? Urashobora kuvuga ikintu kimwe kuri hydrogen, niyo isanzwe. Hashobora kuba byinshi hejuru, ariko sibyinshi munsi. Dore ibyo dukeneye.Heliumntabwo ari isoko rinini. Biteganijwe ko buri mwaka isi ikenera metero kibe 6 (Bcf) cyangwa metero kibe miliyoni 170 (m3). Biragoye kumenya igiciro kiriho, kubera ko ubusanzwe igiciro cyumvikanyweho n’amasezerano hagati y’umuguzi n’umugurisha, ariko Cliff Cain, umuyobozi mukuru w’isosiyete idasanzwe y’ubujyanama bwa gaze Edelgas Group, yatanze imibare y’amadolari 1800 / miliyoni kibe ( mcf). Itsinda rya Edgar ryiga isoko kandi rigira inama ibigo byinshi bikorera ku isoko. Isoko rusange ryisi yose kumaziheliumku bwinshi bishobora kuba hafi miliyari 3 z'amadolari.

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, ibyifuzo biracyiyongera, cyane cyane bivuye mu buvuzi, siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga ndetse no mu kirere, kandi “bizakomeza kwiyongera”, Cain.Heliumni inshuro zirindwi zuzuye nk'umwuka. Gusimbuza umwuka muri disiki ikomeye hamweheliumirashobora kugabanya imivurungano, kandi disiki irashobora kuzunguruka neza, bityo disiki nyinshi zirashobora gutwarwa mumwanya muto kandi zigakoresha imbaraga nke.Heliumkuzuza disiki zikomeye zongerera ubushobozi 50% naho ingufu zikoreshwa na 23%. Nkigisubizo, ibyinshi murwego rwohejuru rwamakuru yamakuru ubu akoresha helium yuzuye ubushobozi bukomeye bwa disiki. Irakoreshwa kandi kubasomyi ba barcode, chip ya mudasobwa, semiconductor, panne LCD, hamwe na fibre optique.

Iyindi nganda ikura vuba iratwarahelium, akaba ari inganda zo mu kirere. Helium ikoreshwa mu bigega bya peteroli kuri roketi, satelite hamwe na moteri yihuta. Ubucucike bwacyo buke bivuze ko bushobora no gukoreshwa mu kwibira mu nyanja, ariko ikoreshwa cyane ni nka coolant, cyane cyane kuri magnesi mu mashini za MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). Bagomba kubikwa hafi ya zeru kugirango bagumane kwantumatungo ya magnesi badatakaje ubushobozi bwabo. Imashini isanzwe ya MRI isaba litiro 2000 zamazihelium. Umwaka ushize, Amerika yakoze ibizamini bya kirimbuzi bigera kuri miliyoni 38. Forbes yemera koheliumubukene bushobora kuba ikibazo gikurikira cyubuvuzi.

“Ukurikije akamaro ka magnetiki resonance yerekana amashusho mu buvuzi ,.heliumibibazo bigomba kuba umwanya wambere n’ikigo cy’abanyapolitiki, abafata ibyemezo, abaganga, abarwayi n’abaturage kugira ngo baganire kandi babone ibisubizo birambye. Ibura ryaheliumni ikibazo gikomeye, kigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye twese. ”

N'imipira y'ibirori.

Igiciro cya helium kizazamuka

Niba uri isosiyete yo mu kirere ubucuruzi bwayo buterwa no kohereza satelite mu kirere, cyangwa uruganda rwa MRI ubucuruzi bushingiye ku kugurisha imashini za MRI, ntuzarekaheliumubukene bubangamira ubucuruzi bwawe. Ntuzahagarika umusaruro. Uzishyura igiciro icyo ari cyo cyose kandi utambike ikiguzi. Terefone zigendanwa, mudasobwa hamwe nubuzima bugezweho bukenewehelium. Nta cyasimburwa na helium, bitabaye ibyo twasubira mugihe cyibuye.

Heliumni ibicuruzwa biva mu gutunganya gaze gasanzwe. Umusaruro munini ku isi ni Amerika (bingana na 40% by'ibicuruzwa), ikurikirwa na Qatar, Alijeriya n'Uburusiya. Ariko, umunyamerikaheliumububiko, isoko nini ya helium nini kwisi mumyaka 70 ishize, iherutse guhagarika gutanga. Isosiyete ireka abakozi bakagenda, kandi igitutu kiri mu muyoboro cyarekuwe. Iyo 1200 psi isabwa kubyara umusaruro, igitutu ubu ni 700 psi. Nibura mubitekerezo, sisitemu iragurishwa.

Izi nyandiko zahuye n’ubukererwe muri White House, zishobora gufata igihe kugirango gikemuke. Ntabwo tuzabona isoko iryo ariryo ryose kugeza rikemutse. Abashobora kuba abaguzi bagomba kandi kumenya ibikoresho byanduye hamwe nubutabera bukomeje. Itangwa rya niniheliumuruganda rushya rwubatswe na Gazprom i Amur, mu burasirazuba bw’Uburusiya, narwo rwarafunzwe, kandi ntibishoboka ko hazabaho umusaruro mbere y’umwaka wa 2023, kubera ko rushingiye ku ba injeniyeri bo mu Burengerazuba, bakaba badashaka kohereza abakozi mu Burusiya muri iki gihe .

Ibyo ari byo byose, bizagora Uburusiya kugurisha hanze y'Ubushinwa n'Uburusiya. Mubyukuri, Uburusiya bufite amahirwe yo kuba ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isi - ariko ubu ni Uburusiya. Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, Qatar yahagaritswe kabiri. Nubwo ryongeye gufungurwa, muri make, twahuye nibibazo byitwa kubura helium 4.0, bikaba bibaye ku nshuro ya kane ibura rya helium ku isi kuva 2006.

Amahirwe mu nganda za helium

Nka hamwe naheliumibura rya 1.0, 2.0 na 3.0, guhagarika itangwa ryinganda nto nabyo byateje impungenge. Ibura rya helium 4.0 ni ugukomeza gusa 2.0 na 3.0. Muri make, isi ikeneye ibintu bishya byahelium. Igisubizo nugushora mubishobora gukora helium nabateza imbere. Hano hari benshi hanze, ariko nkibigo byose byumutungo kamere, 75% byabantu bazananirwa.