Umwuka mwinshi cyane (UHP) niwo maraso yubuzima bwinganda za semiconductor. Nkuko icyifuzo kitigeze kibaho no guhungabanya imiyoboro y’ibicuruzwa ku isi bizamura igiciro cya gaze y’umuvuduko ukabije, igishushanyo mbonera cya semiconductor hamwe n’inganda zikora byongera urwego rwo kurwanya umwanda ukenewe. Ku bakora inganda za semiconductor, kubasha kwemeza ubuziranenge bwa gaze ya UHP ni ngombwa kuruta mbere hose.

Ultra Yera Yinshi (UHP) Imyuka irakomeye rwose mubikorwa bya Semiconductor bigezweho

Bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa bwa gaze ya UHP ni inertisation: gaze ya UHP ikoreshwa mugutanga ikirere gikingira ibice bya semiconductor, bityo bikabarinda ingaruka mbi ziterwa nubushuhe, ogisijeni nibindi byanduza ikirere. Nyamara, inertisation nimwe gusa mubikorwa byinshi bitandukanye imyuka ikora muruganda rwa semiconductor. Kuva imyuka ya plasma yibanze kugeza gaze ya gaze ikoreshwa mugutobora no gufatira hamwe, imyuka ya ultra-high-pressure ikoreshwa mubintu byinshi bitandukanye kandi ni ngombwa murwego rwo gutanga amasoko ya semiconductor.

Bimwe mu byuka bya "core" mu nganda za semiconductor zirimoazote(ikoreshwa nk'isuku rusange na gaze ya inert),argon(ikoreshwa nka gaze ya plasma yambere mugutobora no kubitsa),helium(ikoreshwa nka gaze ya inert ifite umwihariko wo guhererekanya ubushyuhe) nahydrogen(ifite uruhare runini mugushira hamwe, kubitsa, epitaxy no gusukura plasma).

Nka tekinoroji ya semiconductor yagiye ihinduka kandi ihinduka, niko na gaze ikoreshwa mubikorwa byo gukora. Uyu munsi, inganda zikoresha inganda zikoresha imyuka myinshi, uhereye kuri gaze nziza nkakryptonnaneonku bwoko bwibinyabuzima nka azote trifluoride (NF 3) na tungsten hexafluoride (WF 6).

Kwiyongera gukenewe kubwera

Kuva havumburwa microchip yambere yubucuruzi, isi yiboneye ubwiyongere butangaje hafi-bwiyongera mubikorwa byimikorere ya semiconductor. Mu myaka itanu ishize, bumwe mu buryo bwizewe bwo kugera kuri ubu buryo bwo kunoza imikorere bwanyuze mu “bunini bwo gupima”: kugabanya ibipimo by'ingenzi byububiko bwa chip biriho kugira ngo dusunike transistor nyinshi mu mwanya runaka. Usibye ibi, iterambere ryimyubakire mishya ya chip hamwe no gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho byatanze umusaruro mugukora ibikoresho.

Uyu munsi, ibipimo byingenzi byo gukata igice cya semiconductor ubu ni bito cyane kuburyo gupima ubunini bitakiri inzira ifatika yo kunoza imikorere yibikoresho. Ahubwo, abashakashatsi ba semiconductor barimo gushakisha ibisubizo muburyo bwibikoresho bishya hamwe nububiko bwa 3D chip.

Imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yongeye kudasubirwaho bivuze ko ibikoresho bya semiconductor uyumunsi birakomeye cyane kuruta microchips za kera - ariko nazo ziroroshye. Kuza kwa tekinoroji ya 300mm ya wafer yongereye urwego rwo kugenzura umwanda ukenewe mu gukora semiconductor. Ndetse no kwanduza gato mubikorwa byo gukora (cyane cyane imyuka idasanzwe cyangwa inert) birashobora gutuma ibikoresho byananirana - bityo isuku ya gaze ubu ni ngombwa kuruta mbere hose.

Ku ruganda rusanzwe rwo guhimba semiconductor, gaze ya ultra-high-isuku isanzwe ikoreshwa cyane nyuma ya silicon ubwayo. Ibi biciro biteganijwe kwiyongera gusa mugihe icyifuzo cya semiconductor kizamuka cyane. Ibintu byabereye i Burayi byateje ihungabana ry’isoko rya gaze gasanzwe cyane. Ukraine ni kimwe mu bihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi ku isi byohereza ibicuruzwa byinshineonibimenyetso; Igitero cy’Uburusiya bivuze ko itangwa rya gaze idasanzwe rirabuzwa. Ibi na byo byatumye habaho ubukene n’ibiciro biri hejuru yizindi myuka myiza nkakryptonnaxenon.