Imyuka ihumanya cyane (UHP) ni yo mbaraga z’inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Mu gihe ubusabe budasanzwe n’ihungabana ry’imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi ku isi byongera ibiciro bya gaze ishyushye cyane, imiterere mishya ya semiconductor n’uburyo bwo kuyikora birimo kongera urwego rwo kugenzura umwanda rukenewe. Ku bakora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, kuba bashobora kwemeza ko gaze ya UHP isuku ari ingenzi cyane kurusha mbere hose.

Gazi zo mu bwoko bwa Ultra High Purity (UHP) ni ingenzi cyane mu nganda zigezweho za semiconductors

Imwe mu mikoreshereze y'ingenzi ya gaze ya UHP ni ukwinjira mu kirere: gaze ya UHP ikoreshwa mu gutanga ikirere kirinda ibice bya semiconductor, bityo ikabarinda ingaruka mbi z'ubushuhe, ogisijeni n'ibindi bihumanya mu kirere. Ariko, kwinjira mu kirere ni kimwe mu bikorwa byinshi bitandukanye gaze zikora mu nganda za semiconductor. Kuva ku gaze za plasma z'ibanze kugeza ku gaze zikoreshwa mu gusya no gusya, gaze zifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyane zikoreshwa mu mirimo myinshi itandukanye kandi ni ingenzi mu ruhererekane rw'ibikoresho bya semiconductor.

Zimwe mu byuka "by'ingenzi" mu nganda za semiconductor zirimoazote(ikoreshwa nk'isuku rusange n'umwuka udakora),argon(ikoreshwa nk'umwuka w'ingenzi wa plasma mu gushushanya no gushyiramo ibintu),heliyumu(ikoreshwa nk'umwuka udakora neza ufite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo kohereza ubushyuhe) naiy'hydrogen(agira uruhare runini mu gusukura, gushyira mu mwanya w'ibinure, gusukura epitaxy no mu gukaraba plasma).

Uko ikoranabuhanga rya semiconductor ryagiye ritera imbere kandi rigahinduka, ni ko n'imyuka ikoreshwa mu gukora nayo yagiye ihinduka. Muri iki gihe, inganda zikora semiconductor zikoresha imyuka itandukanye, iva muri za gaze nziza nkakriptoninaneonku bwoko bw’ibinyabuzima birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere nka azote trifluoride (NF3) na tungsten hexafluoride (WF 6).

Gusaba isuku bikomeje kwiyongera

Kuva havumburwa microchip ya mbere y’ubucuruzi, isi yabonye ukwiyongera gutangaje mu mikorere y’ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Mu myaka itanu ishize, bumwe mu buryo bwizewe bwo kugera kuri ubu bwoko bw’imikorere ni ukunyura mu "kugabanya ingano": kugabanya ingano z’ingenzi z’imiterere ya chip isanzweho kugira ngo transistors nyinshi zishyirwe mu mwanya runaka. Uretse ibi, iterambere ry’imiterere mishya ya chip no gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho byatanze intambwe mu mikorere y’ibikoresho.

Muri iki gihe, ingano y’ingenzi ya semiconductor zigezweho ubu ni nto cyane ku buryo gupima ingano bitakiri uburyo bwiza bwo kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho. Ahubwo, abashakashatsi ba semiconductor barimo gushaka ibisubizo mu buryo bw’ibikoresho bishya n’imiterere ya chip ya 3D.

Imyaka myinshi yo kuvugurura idacogora bivuze ko ibikoresho bya semiconductor byo muri iki gihe bifite imbaraga nyinshi kurusha microchips za kera - ariko nanone biragoye. Kuza kw'ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora wafer ya 300mm byongereye urwego rwo kugenzura umwanda ukenewe mu gukora semiconductor. Ndetse n'umwanda muto mu buryo bwo gukora (cyane cyane imyuka idasanzwe cyangwa idakora) ushobora gutera ikibazo gikomeye cyo kwangirika kw'ibikoresho - bityo ubuziranenge bwa gazi ni ingenzi cyane kurusha mbere hose.

Ku ruganda rusanzwe rukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, gaze ifite isuku nyinshi cyane ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho nyuma ya silikoni ubwayo. Ibi biciro byitezwe ko biziyongera uko icyifuzo cy’ibikoresho bya semiconductor kigenda kizamuka cyane. Ibintu byabaye mu Burayi byateje ikibazo gikomeye ku isoko ry’ingufu karemano zifite umuvuduko mwinshi cyane. Ukraine ni imwe mu zishora imari nyinshi ku isi mu kohereza hanze gaze ifite isuku nyinshi.neonibimenyetso; igitero cy'Uburusiya bivuze ko imyuka idasanzwe itangwa irimo kugabanuka. Ibi byatumye habaho ibura n'ibiciro by'indi myuka myiza nkakriptoninaxenon.