Amoniya (NH3)

Ibipimo bya tekiniki

Ammonia y'amazi, izwi kandi nka ammonia idakora amazi, ni amazi adafite ibara afite impumuro ikomeye kandi yangiza. Nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bya shimi, ammonia ikoreshwa mu kubona ammonia y'amazi binyuze mu gukanika cyangwa gukonjesha ammonia y'umwuka kugira ngo byorohere gutwara no kubika. Ammonia y'amazi ishongera mu mazi byoroshye kuyishongera, kandi ikora ammonia NH4+ na hydroxyid ion OH- nyuma yo gushonga mu mazi. Umuti ni alkaline. Ammonia y'amazi ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda, irangiza kandi yoroshye kuyihindura, bityo igipimo cyayo cy'impanuka mu bya shimi ni kinini cyane. Ammonia y'amazi ni ikintu gikunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bitagira amazi, kandi gikoreshwa kandi nk'ibikoresho fatizo bikonjesha no mu nganda. Ikoreshwa mu gukora ifumbire mvaruganda, ibisasu, plastiki n'imigozi ya shimi. Umuti wa ammonia y'icyuma-amazi ufite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya kandi ukoreshwa cyane mu gukora inorganic na organic. Akenshi ikoreshwa mu gukora imvange y'ibyuma bifite imiterere mike ya oxidation. Mu bumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima, umuti wa ammonia ukomoka kuri sodiyumu-amazi ukoreshwa mu buryo bwa Birch bwo kugabanya impeta ihumura ku buryo bwa cyclohexadiene ring. Uduce twa ammonia dukomoka kuri sodiyumu cyangwa ibindi byuma nabyo bishobora kugabanya alkynes kugira ngo bikore trans-olefins. Mu nganda zikora imiti, ammonia y’amazi ni kimwe mu bikoresho fatizo byo gukora urea. Muri icyo gihe, kubera imiterere yayo yihariye ya shimi, ikoreshwa neza mu nganda zikora imiti ya semiconductor na metallurgike. Ammonia y’amazi ikunze kubikwa mu byuma bikingira umuvuduko cyangwa mu bigega by’icyuma, kandi ntishobora kubana na acetaldehyde, acrolein, boron n’ibindi bintu. Silinda za ammonia y’amazi zigomba kubikwa mu bubiko cyangwa ku rubuga rufite ikigega. Iyo zishyizwe mu kirere cyo hanze, zigomba gupfukwa n’ihema kugira ngo hirindwe izuba ryinshi. Silinda z’ibyuma n’amakamyo atwara ammonia y’amazi bigomba kurindwa ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gutwara, kandi ibishashi birabujijwe cyane.

Porogaramu:

1. Ifumbire mvaruganda:
Ammonia y'amazi ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukora aside nitrike, urea n'indi fumbire mvaruganda.
 
2. Ibikoresho fatizo:
Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo mu miti no mu miti yica udukoko.
 
3. Gukora roketi, igikoresho gitera ibisasu bya misile:
Mu nganda z'ingabo, zikoreshwa mu gukora roketi, imashini itera misile.
 
4. Icyuma gikonjesha:
Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'icyuma gikonjesha.
 
5. Irangi ry'imyenda rya mercerized:
Ammonia y'amazi ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gutunganya imyenda ya Mercerized.

Ingano y'ipaki:

Ibyiza:

1. Uruganda rwacu rukora NH3 mu bikoresho fatizo byiza cyane, uretse ko igiciro ari gito.
2. NH3 ikorwa nyuma y’ibikorwa byinshi byo gusukura no gukosora mu ruganda rwacu. Sisitemu yo kugenzura gazi kuri interineti igenzura isuku ya gazi buri cyiciro. Igicuruzwa cyarangiye kigomba kuba cyujuje ubuziranenge.
3. Mu gihe cyo kuzuza, silinda igomba kubanza kuma igihe kirekire (nibura amasaha 16), hanyuma tugasukura silinda, hanyuma tukayisimbuza gazi y'umwimerere. Ubu buryo bwose butuma gazi iba nziza muri silinda.
4. Tumaze imyaka myinshi dukora mu bijyanye na gaze, ubunararibonye bwinshi mu gutunganya no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga butuma abakiriya batwizera, bakanyurwa na serivisi zacu kandi bakaduha ibitekerezo byiza.